Skip to content
MotorFiable

LeaksUrgency: Monitor

Visible oil leak: causes and the faults that trigger it

Most often a car loses oil through ageing gaskets, seals or oil seals, a knocked sump, or a badly fitted drain plug or filter; less often the cause is more serious, such as a damaged turbo or head gasket. The sensible thing is to check the level with the dipstick, locate the stain and not carry on driving as if nothing were wrong: if the red pressure warning light comes on you must stop, and if the level drops quickly between checks, have a garage look at it rather than just topping up.[1][2][3][4]

45 documented faults cause it in 40 engines. The most important:

What it means

Oil stains under the car or an engine covered in oil. Usual causes are ageing gaskets and seals, the sump or a badly tightened filter. Some leaks are minor; others can leave the engine without oil.

General explanation from MotorFiable. How it shows up in each engine, with sources, is in the list of faults.

What to do now

Monitor

Find the source and keep an eye on the level. If it drips onto the exhaust, there is a risk of smoke and even fire.

74 sourcesHow we work

Most common causes

From most to least likely according to the sources. Under each cause, the part and the related OBD codes.

  1. 1. Worn gaskets, oil seals and seals

    Common cause

    Gaskets and seals are made of rubber and over time lose their elasticity until they let oil through. Autodoc Club puts them first, ZonaTaller opens its list of 15 causes with the rocker cover gasket and Autonoción speaks of dried-out gaskets and oil seals that have given way.[1][4][5]

    Faults with with oil leaks

  2. 2. Knocked sump, badly fitted drain plug or filter

    Common cause

    A knock against a pothole or debris on the road can crack the sump (SeguroPorDías), and Autodoc Club cites the extreme case of a punctured sump. Autohero puts a badly tightened drain plug as the first cause on its list and, along with ZonaTaller, also a badly installed oil filter.[1][2][3][5]

    Faults with with oil leaks

  3. 3. Damaged head gasket

    Possible cause

    The head gasket seals the joint between the block and the cylinder head so that oil, coolant and gases do not escape (SeguroPorDías). If it fails, oil and coolant can mix, and Autodoc Club warns that driving with this fault is never recommended.[2][3][6]

    Faults with with the head gasket

  4. 4. Deteriorated turbo or leaking turbo pipes

    Possible cause

    The turbo is lubricated with engine oil and can lose it through internal wear or leaking pipes. Autohero, SeguroPorDías and ZonaTaller include it among the causes of oil loss.[2][3][5]

    Faults with with the turbo

  5. 5. Internal consumption: the engine burns the oil

    Possible cause

    Not all missing oil escapes outside. RACE points out that all combustion-engine cars consume some oil, but that having to top up more than a litre between changes is not normal. OKDiario attributes the blue smoke from burning oil to worn piston rings or valve stem seals, a faulty turbo or worn cylinders.[7][8]

    Faults with with oil consumption

  6. 6. Oil level above the maximum

    Uncommon

    Autohero includes excess oil among the causes of loss, and OKDiario mentions it among the reasons an engine can end up burning oil and producing blue smoke.[2][8]

  7. 7. Blocked PCV valve or oil cooler

    Uncommon

    ZonaTaller adds the blocked PCV valve and the oil cooler to its list. It is the only one of the sources consulted that cites them, so this should be taken as a less common possibility.[5]

    Faults with with oil leaks

Depending on what you notice

My car is leaking oil underneath

A dark stain under the car is the most typical sign of a leak (Autodoc Club). To confirm it is oil, touch it: if it is viscous and greasy, it is (Autohero). Then check the level with the dipstick: if it drops quickly between checks, Autonoción advises having a professional look at it rather than just topping up.[1][2][4]

How to tell oil from other fluids by colour

Engine oil comes out black or dark brown and viscous (ZonaTaller); Autohero describes it as black in diesels and a honey-like shade in petrol engines. Coolant is watery and green, pink or blue according to ZonaTaller, and RACE adds yellow and explains that the colour depends on the mix with water. According to ZonaTaller, brake fluid is light yellow and oily, power steering fluid reddish or amber, gearbox oil golden or very dense brown, and air-conditioning water transparent with no viscosity.[2][5][9]

My car leaks oil when parked

What you see under the parked car helps gauge how serious it is. ZonaTaller distinguishes three cases: with a slight seep it is enough to watch the level every week; with an active drip it only suggests topping up and driving less than 50 km to the garage; and with the red pressure warning light, not a metre, and call a recovery truck. Autonoción agrees on the last point: with the red warning light you must stop immediately and switch off the engine.[4][5]

My car is leaking oil from the head gasket

If the head gasket fails, oil and coolant can mix: Autodoc Club points to milky or brown coolant and whitish sludge under the oil filler cap as clues, and says that driving with this fault is never recommended. It is one of the most expensive repairs: Acierto.com puts a full replacement at 1,500 to 2,500 euros and resurfacing the cylinder head at about 700.[6][10]

My car is losing oil but not dripping

No stains does not rule out a loss: ZonaTaller notes that small leaks can burn off when they fall on hot areas without leaving a stain, and Autonoción distinguishes between a leak (dried-out gasket, failed oil seal) and consumption, which is more frequent with high mileage or a turbo. RACE considers it normal for a combustion-engine car to use some oil, but not to have to top up more than a litre between changes. If there is also blue smoke, OKDiario interprets it as a sign that the engine is burning oil.[4][5][7][8]

What happens if my car leaks oil and I keep driving?

Autodoc Club warns of accelerated wear, possible seizure, damage to pistons and connecting rods and overheating, and Autohero speaks of costly mechanical failures. If the loss is serious, for example with a punctured sump, Autodoc Club says using the car is prohibited and to call a recovery truck; with a slight leak, SeguroPorDías only allows the trip to the garage after checking the level.[1][2][3]

What to check first

  1. Look under the parked car and touch the stain: if it is viscous and greasy, black or brown, it is oil. Compare it with the colours of coolant (green, pink or blue and watery) and air-conditioning water (transparent).[2][5]
  2. Check the level with the dipstick on level ground: RACE says to do it with the engine cold and Autonoción waits a few minutes after switching off the engine. Note how much it drops between one check and the next.[4][7]
  3. Look at the dashboard: a yellow warning light lets you drive carefully to top up, but with the red pressure warning light you must stop and switch off the engine.[4]
  4. Watch for other symptoms: blue or white smoke, a burning smell, engine noises or overheating.[1][2][8]
  5. Look at the coolant and the oil filler cap: if the coolant is milky or brown or there is whitish sludge under the cap, it is a sign of a head gasket problem and you should not drive.[6]
  6. If the level drops quickly, do not just top up: take the car to a garage to locate the source of the loss.[4]

Can I keep driving?

Urgency: Monitor

It depends on how much it loses, but the general rule from the sources is not to carry on driving as if nothing were wrong. With the red pressure warning light, stop and switch off the engine (Autonoción); if the leak is serious, Autodoc Club says the car must not be used; with a slight loss and the level checked, SeguroPorDías only allows the trip to the garage and ZonaTaller proposes a maximum of 50 km after topping up. With oil and coolant mixed, driving is never recommended (Autodoc Club).[1][3][4][5][6]

How much it costs to fix

Indicative prices published by the sources cited; they depend on the car and the garage.

RepairPrice
Rocker cover gasket (part and labour, according to ZonaTaller)[5]€80 – €250
Sump gasket (part and labour, according to ZonaTaller)[5]€150 – €400
Repairing or replacing the sump (according to SeguroPorDías, without detailing labour)[3]€150 – €500
Front crankshaft oil seal (part and labour, according to ZonaTaller)[5]€180 – €350
Rear crankshaft oil seal (part and labour, according to ZonaTaller)[5]€400 – €900
Replacing a damaged turbo (according to SeguroPorDías, without detailing labour)[3]€1,000 – €1,200
Replacing the complete head gasket (parts and 8 to 12 hours of labour, according to Acierto.com)[10]€1,500 – €2,500

Documented faults that cause it

Specific engine and gearbox faults, from most to least important (severity × frequency). Below each title, how the symptom shows up in that fault.

  1. Source for the symptom in the Subaru bóxer[11]

  2. Source for the symptom in the DSG7 DQ200[12]

  3. Source for the symptom in the OM642[13][14]

  4. Source for the symptom in the PowerShift[15][16]

  5. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 dCi[17]

  6. Source for the symptom in the EAT6/EAT8[18]

  7. Source for the symptom in the 2.2 i-CTDi[19]

  8. Source for the symptom in the 7G-DCT[20]

  9. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 MR20DE / 2.5 QR25DE[21][22]

  10. Source for the symptom in the CVT Xtronic[23]

  11. Source for the symptom in the AL4 / DP0[24]

  12. Source for the symptom in the Renault-Nissan CMF-EV (Mégane E-Tech, Ariya)[25][26]

  13. Source for the symptom in the Volvo 5 cilindros gasolina[27][28]

  14. Source for the symptom in the BMW B58[29][30]

  15. Source for the symptom in the BMW B58[31][32][33]

  16. Source for the symptom in the BMW M54[34]

  17. Source for the symptom in the BMW N20[35]

  18. Source for the symptom in the BMW N43/N46[36][37]

  19. Source for the symptom in the BMW N52 / N53[38]

  20. Source for the symptom in the BMW N54/N55[39][40]

  21. Source for the symptom in the BMW N54/N55[40][41]

  22. Source for the symptom in the M111[42]

  23. Source for the symptom in the M271[43]

  24. Source for the symptom in the M270/M274[44]

  25. Source for the symptom in the 1.0/1.2/1.4 Ecotec[45][46][47]

  26. Source for the symptom in the Volvo 5 cilindros gasolina[27]

  27. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 and 1.4 TSI[48]

  28. Source for the symptom in the BMW M47[49]

  29. Source for the symptom in the 2.2 JTDm Multijet II[50][51]

  30. Source for the symptom in the BMW B48 / B38[52]

  31. Source for the symptom in the M260[20]

  32. Source for the symptom in the M272/M273[53]

  33. Source for the symptom in the Porsche V8 and V6 (Cayenne and Panamera)[54]

  34. Source for the symptom in the ZF 6HP[55]

  35. Source for the symptom in the ZF 8HP[56]

  36. Source for the symptom in the EDC[57]

  37. Source for the symptom in the M264/M254[58]

  38. Source for the symptom in the BMW N52 / N53[38][59]

  39. Source for the symptom in the M112 / M113[60][61]

  40. Source for the symptom in the 1.4 and 1.6 TU3/TU5[62]

  41. Source for the symptom in the Subaru bóxer[25]

  42. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 TSI / TFSI[63]

  43. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 8v Fire[64]

  44. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 SCe (B4D)[65]

  45. Source for the symptom in the MIVEC gasolina[66]

Faults elsewhere in the car that cause it

Suspension, brake, electronics and other faults on specific cars, from most to least important.

  1. Source for the symptom in the Porsche Cayenne II[67]

  2. Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 1 F20[68]

  3. Source for the symptom in the Land Rover Range Rover Evoque I[69]

  4. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase A W177[20]

  5. Source for the symptom in the Opel Movano C[70]

  6. Source for the symptom in the Volkswagen Touareg III[25][71]

  7. Source for the symptom in the Opel Combo E[72]

  8. Source for the symptom in the Audi A8 D5[73]

  9. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz CLK C208[74]

Which cars it appears in

These faults affect 40 engines. We have documented 273 models from 34 makes with some of the affected versions: open yours to see all its faults.

Engines

Cars with the affected versions

Oil leak: causes in your car

278 cars have several documented faults that cause this symptom. Choose yours to see only those that affect it, by engine and by year.

Alfa Romeo 2
Audi 19
BMW 39
Chevrolet 1
Chrysler 2
Citroën 9
Cupra 4
Dacia 3
DS 1
Fiat 4
Ford 10
Honda 5
Infiniti 1
Jaguar 3
Jeep 3
Lancia 2
Land Rover 5
Mercedes-Benz 40
MG 1
MINI 5
Mitsubishi 2
Nissan 9
Opel 11
Peugeot 10
Porsche 4
Renault 18
Rover 1
Seat 9
Škoda 14
Smart 2
Subaru 4
Toyota 1
Volkswagen 25
Volvo 9

Oil leak by brand

Frequently asked questions

Why does a car lose oil?

Most often it is rubber gaskets, oil seals and seals that wear with time, a knocked sump, or a badly fitted drain plug and filter. More serious and less frequent are a deteriorated turbo or a damaged head gasket, according to Autodoc Club, Autohero and SeguroPorDías.[1][2][3]

What are the symptoms of a car leaking oil?

Dark stains under the car, an oil level that drops on the dipstick or does so quickly between checks, the oil warning light on the dashboard, blue or white smoke, a burning smell, engine noises and overheating. Autodoc Club, Autohero and Autonoción agree on most of them.[1][2][4]

Is it normal for a car to use some oil?

Yes, up to a point: RACE explains that all combustion-engine cars consume some oil, especially when the engine is new. What is not normal, according to RACE, is having to top up more than a litre between changes, because it can indicate a fault.[7]

How much does it cost to fix an oil leak?

It depends on the part. Autohero gives a range of 50 to 2,500 euros; for example, ZonaTaller puts the rocker cover gasket at 80 to 250 euros and the head gasket, the most expensive, exceeds 1,500 euros according to Acierto.com (prices in Spain). See the costs section for the breakdown.[2][5][10]

Can I keep topping up oil without going to a garage?

If the level drops quickly between checks, Autonoción recommends a professional inspection rather than topping up again and again. Topping up only gets you to the garage; it does not resolve the cause.[4]

Other symptoms: leaks

All symptoms

Has this happened to you? Tell us which fault it was, at how many kilometres and how much you paid: it helps other owners know what to expect. Report your fault.

Sources

Every fact on this page links to its source. If you find an error, let us know.

  1. Pérdida de aceite en el coche: síntomas y causasAutodoc Club · Technical documentation · published 5 February 2020 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  2. Pérdida de aceite en el coche: causas y solucionesAutohero · Other source · published 28 July 2025 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  3. Mi coche pierde aceite por debajo: causas, riesgos y qué hacerSeguroPorDías · Other source · published 14 May 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  4. Comprobar el aceite: cómo hacerlo bien, cada cuánto y qué señales indican que faltaAutonoción · Motoring press · published 26 September 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  5. Coche pierde aceite: 15 causas reales, diagnóstico y solución paso a pasoZonaTaller · Other source · published May 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  6. Aceite en el anticongelante: causas, reparación y prevenciónAutodoc Club · Technical documentation · published 6 December 2021 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  7. ¿Cómo echar aceite al coche?RACE · Motoring press · published 17 May 2023 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  8. Qué pasa si sale humo azul del tubo de escape: por qué pasa y qué significaOKDiario · General press · published 26 February 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  9. ¿Por qué hay diferentes colores de líquido anticongelante?RACE · Motoring press · published 22 May 2023 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  10. ¿Cuánto cuesta cambiar la junta de culata del coche?Acierto.com · Other source · published 10 June 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  11. Subaru XV I im Gebrauchtwagen-Test: «Vorsicht vor dem Boxer-Diesel!»AUTO BILD · Motoring press · published 17 December 2019 · consulted 9 October 2026 · in German
  12. DSG7 DQ200: Guía Técnica Definitiva (P17BF, Mecatrónica y Soluciones)STR Performance · Technical documentation · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  13. Motor diésel Mercedes V6 OM642Motordinámico · Motoring press · published December 2024 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  14. Mercedes OM642 : fiabilité, pannes fréquentes et coûts d'entretienAutoCopilot · Motoring press · published 2026 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  15. Ford Kuga (Mk2, 2012-2019): Typische Probleme & Rückrufegebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  16. Ford S-Max: Typische Probleme & Rückrufegebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  17. Fiabilité Renault Kadjar : pannes et avisFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  18. Fiabilité Peugeot 5008 2 (2017-2024), pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  19. Avis et fiabilité Honda Accord (2003-2008)Fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  20. Mercedes A-Klasse W177 – Typische Probleme & SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published April 2023 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  21. Nissan Qashqai I - Typische Probleme & KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 13 February 2024 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  22. Nissan Qashqai pierwszej generacji - co się psuje, czego unikać, których wersji szukać?Spider's Web (Autoblog) · Motoring press · published 11 July 2022 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in another language
  23. Problemas comunes del Nissan Qashqai: cómo solucionarlos en el popular SUVAutopista · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  24. Síntomas de falta de aceite en una caja de cambios automáticaAutopista.es · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  25. DVSA – base de llamadas a revisión (Ariya R23C7 y R24A2)DVSA (Reino Unido) · Official body · consulted 29 October 2026
  26. Ya es raro en un eléctrico, pero el Nissan Ariya «pierde aceite» y tiene que pasar por el tallerTestCoches · Motoring press · published 12 June 2024 · consulted 30 October 2026 · in Spanish
  27. Volvo crankcase breathers are critical (separador de aceite y ventilación del cárter)Automotive Tech Info · Motoring press · published September 2016 · consulted 8 October 2026
  28. Engine Volvo B5254T3MyMotorList · Other source · consulted 8 October 2026
  29. BMW B58 EngineFCP Euro · Technical documentation · consulted 9 October 2026
  30. How A Plastic Part On BMW's B58 Engine Can Turn An Oil Change Into A $3,000 RepairThe Autopian · Motoring press · published 28 March 2025 · consulted 9 October 2026
  31. The 5 Most Common BMW B58 Engine ProblemsBMW Tuning · Technical documentation · published 7 February 2020 · consulted 9 October 2026
  32. BMW B58 Engine Reliability, Performance & ServicingR44 Performance · Technical documentation · consulted 9 October 2026
  33. Der BMW B58 Motor | Technische Daten, Probleme, Haltbarkeit & Liste der FahrzeugeCarWiki.de · Technical documentation · consulted 9 October 2026 · in German
  34. M54 Engine ProblemsBMW Tuning · Technical documentation · consulted 5 October 2026
  35. BMW N20 Engine: Pros, Cons, Reliability, Tuning, and Maintenance GuideBMW BLOG · Motoring press · published 8 June 2025 · consulted 27 September 2026
  36. BMW N43: Bei diesem Benziner ist Ärger vorprogrammiertGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  37. BMW N46: Typische Probleme & HaltbarkeitGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  38. BMW N52 Engine ProblemsBMW Tuning · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026
  39. BMW N55 Typische Probleme und HaltbarkeitGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · published 23 February 2025 · consulted 5 October 2026 · in German
  40. The Definitive Guide to the BMW N54 EngineFCP Euro · Technical documentation · consulted 5 October 2026
  41. BMW N55 Common ProblemsBMW Tuning · Technical documentation · consulted 5 October 2026
  42. Mercedes M111: Typische Probleme und HaltbarkeitGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  43. Mercedes M271: Typische Probleme und HaltbarkeitGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  44. Mercedes M274: Typische Probleme & HaltbarkeitGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  45. Opel Corsa 3 : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  46. Opel Astra (2004-2010) : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  47. Opel Corsa 5 : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  48. VW: Austritt von Motoröl möglichautoservicepraxis.de · Motoring press · published 16 August 2019 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
  49. Motor BMW M47: problemas y averíasDasercars · Technical documentation · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  50. Fiabilité Alfa Romeo Giulia, pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 8 October 2026 · in French
  51. Alfa Romeo Stelvio: opinia i test 100 tys. kmAuto Świat · Motoring press · published May 2024 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in another language
  52. Motor BMW B48: defectos, mantenimiento y guía de compraRecambios y Accesorios BMW (blog) · Technical documentation · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  53. 4 Common Mercedes M272 Engine Problems8020 Automotive · Technical documentation · consulted 5 October 2026
  54. 1st Gen Porsche Panamera Buyer's GuideStuttcars · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026
  55. Fiabilité Audi A6 (2004-2010), pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  56. Fiabilité Jaguar F-Pace, pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  57. Fiabilité de la boîte EDC : problèmes en série ?fiches-auto.fr · Technical documentation · published February 2020 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  58. Mercedes-Benz: Öl könnte austretenÖAMTC · Consumer association · published September 2020 · consulted 9 October 2026 · in German
  59. Problemas BMW N52Total Renting · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in Spanish
  60. Crankcase ventilation cylinder head coverW220 S-Class Encyclopedia (w220.wiki) · Technical documentation · published 18 June 2022 · consulted 8 October 2026
  61. Der Mercedes M112 Motor: Technische Daten, Probleme, Haltbarkeit & FahrzeuglisteCarWiki.de · Other source · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  62. Tous les problèmes sur Peugeot 206 (témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  63. ¿Qué es y cómo funciona la válvula PCV?Infotaller · Motoring press · published 21 December 2017 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  64. Fiabilité et pannes de la Fiat Panda (2003-2012)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  65. Fiabilité et pannes de la Dacia Sandero 2Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  66. Mitsubishi ASX – Typische Probleme & KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · published 11 January 2023 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  67. Probleme mit dem Porsche Cayenne: Krankheiten, Fehler & Schwachstellen im Überblick, inklusive RückrufaktionenCarWiki.de · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026 · in German
  68. Fiabilité BMW Série 1 (2011-2019)fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  69. Poor gear shifting on a Range Rover Evoque?Professional Motor Mechanic (Autodata) · Technical documentation · published 14 February 2019 · consulted 8 October 2026
  70. Opel Movano (2023): fallo de la dirección asistidaCar-Recalls.eu (Safety Gate) · Official body · consulted 29 October 2026
  71. Recall: Volkswagen Touareg (2019), accident, gearboxcar-recalls.eu (datos de Safety Gate/RAPEX) · Other source · published 15 July 2020 · consulted 9 October 2026
  72. Vauxhall Combo Recall KJW-231260EE (4x4 transfer box)Autoinsider · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026
  73. Audi A8 (2019): conducto de aceite del cambio automático (campaña 38C7)Car-Recalls.eu (a partir de EU Safety Gate) · Other source · published 15 July 2020 · consulted 29 October 2026
  74. Mercedes-Benz CLK-Klasse W208 c пробегом: проблемы моторов, коробок и подвескиKolesa.ru · Motoring press · published 1 February 2017 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in another language