Climate control, bodywork and interiorUrgency: Monitor

Rust or corrosion on the bodywork or underside: causes and the faults that trigger it

Rust appears where moisture, mud and salt build up: wheel arches, the underside, door edges, the boot floor and suspension parts, and it usually starts inside the panel or under damaged paint. If it is purely cosmetic it doesn't fail the inspection (the ITV, Spain's equivalent of the MOT), but if it affects the structure or the mounting points it can be a serious defect; the sooner it is treated, the cheaper the repair.^[1][2][3][4]

93 documented faults cause it in 88 cars. The most important:

Critical severity: Corrosion in the wheel arches, sills and, in advanced cases, the rear axle · Mercedes-Benz Clase C W203
High severity: Body corrosion: door edges, battery tray and suspension turrets · Mercedes-Benz Clase E W210
High severity: Corrosion of the boot, the spring seats and the door frames · Mercedes-Benz Clase C W202

What it means

Bubbles in the paint, rust on the wheel arches, tailgate or underside, or badly corroded suspension parts. Besides the appearance, corrosion can affect structural parts and the MOT.

General explanation from MotorFiable. How it shows up in each engine, with sources, is in the list of faults.

What to do now

Monitor

Have the car inspected on a lift before buying it. Treat surface rust early: the further it spreads, the more expensive the repair.

Reviewed on 30 October 2026125 sources How we work

Most common causes

From most to least likely according to the sources. Under each cause, the part and the related OBD codes.

1. Wheel arches and underside that collect mud, water and salt
Common cause
Bumper explains that wheel arches collect more dirt, water and salt than any other area, that mud holds moisture against the steel and that their sandwich structure traps moisture, so rust usually works from the inside out. Motor.es lists wheel arches and the inner door frames among the weak points of modern cars.^[1][3]
Faults with with paintwork and corrosion
2. Lifted or chipped paint that leaves bare metal exposed
Common cause
Motor.es reminds us that paint is the steel's protection and that if a scrape leaves the metal exposed it should be repaired quickly, before the problem gets worse.^[1]
Faults with with paintwork and corrosion
3. Blocked drains and drainage channels, or water trapped in the boot and doors
Possible cause
Bumper points out that the channels that carry rainwater through the doors to the underside, if blocked, make water build up and rust things from the inside, and that standing water from boot leaks is the most common cause of rust on the boot floor. RACE (Spain's motoring club) also warns that prolonged damp in the cabin can end up causing rust.^[3][5]
Faults with with water leaks
4. Climate and use: coast, salted snow, damp and pollution
Possible cause
Motor.es puts the worst places for corrosion near the coast (sea salt), in mountain areas where salt is spread against snow and in damp, warm places; salt is a relative problem if you wash the car often. Motor16 reports a mechanic's warning about cars imported from Germany with patches of rust under the paint from road salt.^[1][4]
Faults with with paintwork and corrosion
5. Factory defect in the paintwork or anti-corrosion treatment
Uncommon
Motor.es mentions that small manufacturing defects are enough for a car to rust early, citing as an example the first Dacia Dusters built in India that reached the UK, with a fault in the painting process. This is where the manufacturer's warranty comes in, if it is spotted in time.^[1]
Faults with with paintwork and corrosion
6. Corroded suspension, exhaust and underbody parts
Possible cause
Bumper includes among the usual areas the exhaust pipe (on older cars) and the arms, springs and shock absorbers, constantly exposed to water, dirt and salt.^[3]
Faults with with the suspension springs Faults with with control arms, ball joints and bushes

Depending on what you notice

Bubbles or blisters in the paint

Motor.es explains that rust can appear on structural and decorative parts alike and that, if it is on a non-vital part, a good bodywork specialist can fix it. Bumper says that rust on wheel arches usually starts inside the panel, so bubbles are often the sign that there is already corrosion underneath.^[1][3]

Rust on the wheel arches

Bumper considers it the most exposed point on the car and puts the repair at between €330 and €2,500 per side in Spain; the rear wheel arch is more expensive because it is an integral part of the bodywork, while the front usually needs only the wing panel replaced (around €600).^[3]

Rust on the underside or the chassis

Bumper puts the repair of the sills (the lower part of the door frame) at between €440 and €1,800. AECA-ITV, cited by Autofácil, includes oxidation or corrosion of the bodywork and chassis among the things inspected, with photos of broken suspension mounting points counted as a serious defect. Motor16 notes that rust under nice paintwork only shows up by scratching or crouching down.^[2][3][4]

Rust on the boot floor or the tailgate

Bumper attributes rust on the boot floor mainly to standing water from leaks and puts the repair at between €280 and €880; Motor.es lists the boot seals among the weak points.^[1][3]

Rust and passing the inspection

Motor.es states that in the Spanish ITV (Spain's roadworthiness inspection) corrosion is not a problem if it is purely cosmetic, but if it compromises the structure the car does not get a favourable result. Autofácil, with data from AECA-ITV, says that exterior, bodywork and chassis faults account for 7% of the serious defects found in Spain.^[1][2]

Buying a used car with possible rust

Motor16 advises crouching down and scratching a little, because corrosion can hide under a fresh coat of paint or a patch-up; Motor.es recommends regular checks to catch it in time.^[1][4]

What to check first

Look in good light, with the car clean, at the wheel arches (inside and along the edge), the bottoms of the doors, the edge of the tailgate and the boot floor: bubbles, brown stains or open paint are the first signs.^[1][3]
Check that the door and roof drains are not blocked and that there is no standing water in the boot or damp in the floor mats.^[3][5]
Crouch down and check the underside, the suspension mounting points and the chassis; scratch carefully where the paint looks recent or lumpy, because it may be covering patches of rust.^[2][4]
Repair scrapes that leave bare metal exposed as soon as possible and wash the car regularly, especially after driving on salted roads or near the sea.^[1]
If the rust is deep, perforates the metal or is on structural parts or mounting points, ask a garage for an assessment with the car on a lift before deciding between repairing it or writing the car off.^[1][3]

Can I keep driving?

Urgency: Monitor

Surface rust doesn't stop you driving, but it should be treated soon because Bumper warns that the longer it is left, the bigger the bill. Motor.es warns that rusted metal becomes brittle, with serious consequences in an accident if it affects a structural part, and Autofácil reports that breaks or corrosion in the chassis and suspension mounting points count as a serious defect in the ITV. If the rust reaches the structure, the mounting points or the exhaust, don't let it go.^[1][2][3]

How much it costs to fix

Indicative prices published by the sources cited; they depend on the car and the garage.

Repair	Price
Average rust repair, according to Bumper (from minor repairs to replacing several panels)^[3]	€240 – €3,400
Rust on a wheel arch, per side (Bumper)^[3]	€330 – €2,500
Rust on the door sills (Bumper)^[3]	€440 – €1,800
Rust on the boot floor (Bumper)^[3]	€280 – €880
Rusted exhaust pipe (Bumper)^[3]	€200 – €550
Rust on suspension components (Bumper)^[3]	€140 – €550

Faults that cause it

Suspension, brake, electronics and other faults on specific cars, from most to least important.

- Critical severityFrequency: CommonMercedes-Benz Clase C W203Corrosion in the wheel arches, sills and, in advanced cases, the rear axlePaint bubbles and visible rust in the wheel arches, sills, door edges and boot; in an advanced stage, corrosion can be seen underneath the car, on the rear axle carrier.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase C W203^[6]
- High severityFrequency: Very frequentMercedes-Benz Clase E W210Body corrosion: door edges, battery tray and suspension turretsRust and bubbling paint on the door edges under the seals, in the wheel arches, the sills, the boot lid and the fuel tank area.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase E W210^[7][8]
- High severityFrequency: CommonMercedes-Benz Clase C W202Corrosion of the boot, the spring seats and the door framesRust on the boot lid, under the door seals, trim, aerial hole, jacking points and rear axle mounts.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase C W202^[9]
- High severityFrequency: CommonSuzuki Jimny IIIUnderbody, sill and bodywork corrosionPitted or bubbling metal on the underbody, wheel arches and door seals.
Source for the symptom in the Suzuki Jimny III^[10][11][12]
- Critical severityFrequency: OccasionalHyundai TrajetCorrosion of the rear suspension armsVisible corrosion on the rear arms under the car. The DVSA does not describe any symptoms while driving before the part gives way: the campaign is based on measuring the thickness of the arms' metal to decide whether protective wax is enough or they need replacing.
Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Trajet^[13]
- Critical severityFrequency: OccasionalMercedes-Benz Clase A W177Front subframe corrosion due to inadequate anti-corrosion protectionNo prior warning is described; the problem is corrosion of the subframe, which can affect the joints of other parts.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase A W177^[14]
- Medium severityFrequency: CommonBMW Serie 3 E36Rust on the rear wheel arches, sills and suspension mounting pointsRust along the rear edge of the wheel arches, on the sills (sometimes hidden by plastic covers), at the jacking points and on the suspension mountings.
Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 3 E36^[15][16][17]
- Medium severityFrequency: CommonDacia Logan IBody rust: rear wheel arches, underside and doorsRust blisters and perforated areas appear on the underside, wheel arches, lower edge of the doors and exhaust mountings; the paint flakes off on surfaces exposed to the sun.
Source for the symptom in the Dacia Logan I^[18][19]
- Medium severityFrequency: CommonFord Focus ICorrosion on the bottoms of the doors, tailgate and bonnetPerforating rust appears on the bottoms of the doors, the tailgate and the bonnet.
Source for the symptom in the Ford Focus I^[20][21]
- High severityFrequency: OccasionalKia Ceed IRusted fuel tank straps: the tank can come looseCorroded fuel tank retaining straps; in one account recorded by fiches-auto they broke at around 162,000 km.
Source for the symptom in the Kia Ceed I^[22][23]
- High severityFrequency: OccasionalLotus Elise S2Galvanic corrosion of the aluminium chassis and wishbonesWhite powder or degraded aluminium around the suspension mounting points, rusty wishbones and unclear chassis repairs when the car is inspected on a lift.
Source for the symptom in the Lotus Elise S2^[24][25]
- Medium severityFrequency: CommonMercedes-Benz Clase A W169Rust on the doors and bonnet on cars from before 2006Visible rust spots on the edges of the doors, the bonnet and the tailgate.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase A W169^[26][27]
- Medium severityFrequency: CommonMercedes-Benz Clase B W245Rust on door and tailgate seals in cars built before the 2008 faceliftSpots of rust on the door sills and seams and on the tailgate.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase B W245^[28][29]
- High severityFrequency: OccasionalMercedes-Benz Clase C W204Rear axle corrosion on the Mercedes C-Class W204Rust in the rear axle that is hard to see from outside, because it advances from the inside out; in serious cases, axle breakage.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase C W204^[30][31]
- High severityFrequency: OccasionalMercedes-Benz Clase G W463Rear chassis corrosion: shock absorber mounts, turrets and cross tubeRust on the rear chassis, the shock absorber and spring mounts, the window frames, the tailgate and the fuel tank area.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase G W463^[32][33][34]
- High severityFrequency: OccasionalMercedes-Benz Clase V W447Severe corrosion of metal parts at the rear of the roof bed (2017 and 2018)Rust on the metal parts at the rear of the roof bed; the DVSA does not describe any visible prior symptoms.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase V W447^[13]
- Medium severityFrequency: CommonMercedes-Benz Sprinter T1NCorrosion of the bodywork, chassis and underbodyVisible rust on the bodywork, chassis, underbody and exhaust; according to CarWiki it is easier to see on white vehicles.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter T1N^[35]
- Medium severityFrequency: CommonMercedes-Benz Vito W639Corrosion of the tailgate, sliding door and sills on pre-2006 vehiclesRust on the tailgate, the sliding door and the sills.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Vito W639^[36]
- Medium severityFrequency: CommonOpel Vectra CNoisy front axle and fragile rear wheel bearingsVisible corrosion on the front axle's subframe mounts (supports), seen from underneath the car.
Source for the symptom in the Opel Vectra C^[37]
- Medium severityFrequency: CommonRover 45Corrosion of suspension mounts and underbodyVisible rust on the sills, front floor, rear wheel arches and tailgate edges; at the MOT, a warning for a corroded suspension mount.
Source for the symptom in the Rover 45^[38][39]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalAudi A3 IICorrosion in the wheel arches, door sills and tailgate of the older vehiclesStains or visible rust on the wheel arches, the lower part of the doors and the tailgate.Appears at around 120,000 km
Source for the symptom in the Audi A3 II^[40]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalCitroën Jumper IIBody and underbody corrosion on vans several years oldVisible rust on the underbody, wheel arches or rear doors, according to CarWiki; the TÜV 2025 speaks of rust on load-bearing parts from the seventh year.
Source for the symptom in the Citroën Jumper II^[41][42][43]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalCitroën Xsara PicassoUnderbody corrosion and water getting in through the rear doorsCorrosion appears at the base of the chassis and on the underbody.
Source for the symptom in the Citroën Xsara Picasso^[44]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalDacia Sandero IBody rust and fragile paintRust on the underside, doors and wheel arches, paint that flakes off and water getting in through the door seals; one report mentions a radiator punctured by road spray.
Source for the symptom in the Dacia Sandero I^[45]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalFiat Panda IIStructural corrosion of the sills, underbody and rear crossmember on the Panda IIVisible rust on the sills, underbody and tailgate and, in advanced cases, perforation of structural sheet metal.
Source for the symptom in the Fiat Panda II^[46][47]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalFiat SediciBody corrosionVisible rust on the bodywork.
Source for the symptom in the Fiat Sedici^[48]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalJeep Grand Cherokee WKCorrosion on the chassis rails, sheet-metal folds and under the rear windowRust on the chassis rails and the sheet-metal folds underneath, and under the separately opening rear window.
Source for the symptom in the Jeep Grand Cherokee WK^[49]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalKia Cerato ICorrosion of the sills and rear wheel archesRust that appears around the middle of the driver's door, at the bottom of the rear wheel arch and on the sill; the source also cites bubbling next to the aerial and under the bumpers.
Source for the symptom in the Kia Cerato I^[50]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalLancia ThesisCorrosion on the bonnet, tailgate, rear pillar and underbodyPaint or rust bubbles on the bonnet edges, next to the tailgate number plate, on the C-pillar and on the underbody.
Source for the symptom in the Lancia Thesis^[51]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalMazda 3 IFragile paint and bodywork corrosion on the Mazda 3 (BK)Rust bubbles or areas of flaked paint, especially on edges and wheel arches.
Source for the symptom in the Mazda 3 I^[52]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalMazda 3 IIRecall for corrosion of the tailgate damper bracketThe tailgate may not stay open on its own, or may slam shut, because the metal bracket holding the gas strut has rusted and broken.
Source for the symptom in the Mazda 3 II^[53]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalMazda 6 ICorrosion of the rear wheel arches on the bodyworkPaint bubbles and visible rust on the edge of the rear wheel arch, eventually perforating the panel.
Source for the symptom in the Mazda 6 I^[54]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalMazda 6 IIRecall over corrosion in the boot or tailgate gas strutsThe boot or tailgate can slam shut because the caps of the gas struts that hold it open have corroded.
Source for the symptom in the Mazda 6 II^[55]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalMazda MX-5 IIIBlocked soft-top drains and rust on the sills and rear wingsRust at the bottom of the rear wheel arches that can spread to the ends of the sills, on the number plate lights under the boot and along the bonnet edges.
Source for the symptom in the Mazda MX-5 III^[56]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalMG TFRust on the subframe, sills and wheel archesRust in the underbody, the rear wheel arches and the battery tray.
Source for the symptom in the MG TF^[57]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalNissan Note IWater leaks and paint defectsThe paint or lacquer can peel or lose its shine, and rust spots can appear, especially near the rear lights and the tailgate.
Source for the symptom in the Nissan Note I^[58]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalOpel Omega BBody panel and sill corrosion on the Opel Omega B, especially in units made before 1996Rust on the sills and in the areas of the underbody sheet-metal cuts; AUTO BILD adds that old fuel tanks rusted from the inside.
Source for the symptom in the Opel Omega B^[59][60]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalOpel Vectra BCorrosion in sills, door bottoms and rear wheel archesPaint blisters next to the door seal fixings, on the bottoms of the doors and on the sills, which according to the source end up as holes when sanded.
Source for the symptom in the Opel Vectra B^[61]
- Critical severityFrequency: RarePeugeot 2008 ISubframe corrosion caused by faulty anti-rust treatment (production of February-March 2015)Visible rust on the subframe; the warning does not describe a prior symptom.
Source for the symptom in the Peugeot 2008 I^[62]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalPeugeot Boxer IIIBody and underbody corrosion on vans several years oldVisible rust on the underbody or bodywork; promobil points to exhaust corrosion as a weak spot of the family.
Source for the symptom in the Peugeot Boxer III^[41][43]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalSuzuki Ignis IBody corrosionBubbling and pitted sheet metal.
Source for the symptom in the Suzuki Ignis I^[63]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalToyota Land Cruiser J150Frame and sill corrosion on a chassis-based 4x4Rust on the chassis, the side members and the sills; in advanced cases, holes.
Source for the symptom in the Toyota Land Cruiser J150^[64][65][66]
- Medium severityFrequency: OccasionalVolkswagen BoraBody rust at the front wheel archesPaint bubbles or rust at the front wheel arches.
Source for the symptom in the Volkswagen Bora^[67][68]
- Low severityFrequency: CommonDacia Logan IIPaint that marks easily and fragile plastic door handlesThe paint marks or scratches easily, which encourages rust to appear if not treated in time.
Source for the symptom in the Dacia Logan II^[69][70]
- Low severityFrequency: CommonFord Mondeo IIICorrosion on the door and boot edgesVisible rust on the door edges, the boot lid and the rear wheel arches.
Source for the symptom in the Ford Mondeo III^[71][72]
- High severityFrequency: RareMercedes-Benz GLK X204Chassis corrosion on the GLKVisible rust on the underside or the chassis, according to the reports.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz GLK X204^[73]
- Low severityFrequency: CommonToyota Corolla VersoFragile bodywork paint that deteriorates easilyChips and marks in the paint after minor impacts or with the passage of time.
Source for the symptom in the Toyota Corolla Verso^[74]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalAlfa Romeo 147Underbody corrosion and broken exterior door handlesVisible corrosion on the exhaust pipe and other metal underbody parts over the years.
Source for the symptom in the Alfa Romeo 147^[75][76]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalBMW Serie 2 Active Tourer F45Rust on the sill edges and rattling panoramic roof on the Active TourerSurface rust on the edge of the door sills.
Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 2 Active Tourer F45^[77]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalBMW Serie 7 E65Paint degradation on door handles and bodywork corrosionHandle paint that lifts or deteriorates, localised rust and headlights with internal misting.
Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 7 E65^[78]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalDacia Duster IFragile paint that chips from gravel strikesSmall chips in the paint and lacquer, especially on the underside and front panels, which can leave bare metal exposed if not touched up.
Source for the symptom in the Dacia Duster I^[79][80]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalDacia SpringFragile paintwork and premature corrosionThe paint may chip or bubble, and corrosion may appear sooner than expected in some places on the bodywork.
Source for the symptom in the Dacia Spring^[81][82]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalDS DS 3Roof paint and lacquer deteriorationThe black roof paint lifts, the lacquer is fragile and stickers on the pillar peel off.
Source for the symptom in the DS DS 3^[83]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalFiat Panda IIExhaust and underbody corrosion on the Fiat Panda IIVisible rust on the exhaust silencer and on the underbody.
Source for the symptom in the Fiat Panda II^[84][85]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalHonda Civic IXFragile bodywork paint: chips and lacquer loss on the Honda Civic IXChips on the bonnet, the roof or the front bumper after gravel impacts or pressure washing; in some cases the lacquer is described as lifting.
Source for the symptom in the Honda Civic IX^[86]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalHonda Civic XCorrosion spots, weak paint and occasional water ingressCorrosion spots and marks or chips in the paint appearing sooner than expected for the age of the car.
Source for the symptom in the Honda Civic X^[87]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalHonda CR-V IIIDeterioration of the paint and chrome plastic trim on the bodyworkPaint that chips or marks easily and chrome plastic trim that loses its finish.
Source for the symptom in the Honda CR-V III^[88]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalHonda CR-V IVScratched or chipped paint and peeling lacquerPaint that marks easily, stone chips and peeling lacquer.
Source for the symptom in the Honda CR-V IV^[89]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalHonda Jazz IIFragile bodywork paint: chipping and lacquer loss on the Honda Jazz IIChips on the bonnet, roof or front bumper after gravel impacts or pressure washing; in some cases the lacquer is described as lifting.
Source for the symptom in the Honda Jazz II^[90]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalHyundai i30 IPeeling paintwork and bodywork corrosionPaint that lifts or flakes off and rust stains, sometimes on the underbody.
Source for the symptom in the Hyundai i30 I^[91]
- Medium severityFrequency: RareHyundai Santa Fe IBody corrosion and roof perforationRust on the bodywork and, in one case, a perforated roof.
Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Santa Fe I^[92]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalKia Ceed ICorrosion on the door frames, especially before the faceliftRust appearing along the door frames; fiches-auto also cites brittle paint and internal rust spots.
Source for the symptom in the Kia Ceed I^[22][23]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalKia VengaCorrosion on doors, wheels and body panelsRust inside the doors, on the wheels and on body panels.
Source for the symptom in the Kia Venga^[93]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalMazda 6 IIFragile paint that chips from small impactsThe paint flakes off in small chips from very light knocks, such as gravel, and rain sounds loud on the metal.
Source for the symptom in the Mazda 6 II^[94]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalMazda 6 IIIFragile Mazda 6 bodywork paintThe paint chips or marks easily, especially on the front end.
Source for the symptom in the Mazda 6 III^[95]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalMercedes-Benz Clase M W163Corrosion on the tailgate, bonnet and jacking points of the Mercedes M-Class W163Rust bubbles or lifting paint on the tailgate, bonnet, doors and jacking points.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase M W163^[96][97]
- Medium severityFrequency: RareMercedes-Benz CLK C208Corrosion of the sills, front wings and wheel archesRust on the sills, where the wing meets the sill, on the wheel arches, under the accelerator pedal, on the boot floor and on the boot lid.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz CLK C208^[98]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalMercedes-Benz SLK R170Peeling bodywork paint and interior trim on the SLK R170The paint peels and the interior trim deteriorates.
Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz SLK R170^[99]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalMG MG4Fragile paint and rust in body weldsRust in subframe welds and behind the dashboard, in two reports.
Source for the symptom in the MG MG4^[100]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalMINI Cooper R56Rust under the chrome trim on the Mini Cooper R56 tailgateBubbles or rust spots around the tailgate trim.
Source for the symptom in the MINI Cooper R56^[101]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalNissan Juke IPaint and lacquer flaking on the bumpersPaint chips and lacquer loss on the front and/or rear bumpers.
Source for the symptom in the Nissan Juke I^[102]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalNissan Juke IRear silencer rusts and perforatesRust and holes in the intermediate silencer, noticed as louder exhaust noise.
Source for the symptom in the Nissan Juke I^[103]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalNissan Micra VPaintwork that is not very resistant to gravel chipsChips and marks in the paint after gravel impacts, especially on the underside and in the wheel arches.
Source for the symptom in the Nissan Micra V^[104]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalNissan Qashqai ITailgate gas struts and underbody rustRust on the underbody, and a tailgate that does not stay open.
Source for the symptom in the Nissan Qashqai I^[105]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalNissan Qashqai IIRust on the tailgate of the first unitsBubbles or rust on the tailgate.
Source for the symptom in the Nissan Qashqai II^[106]
- Medium severityFrequency: RareNissan X-Trail IRust and perforation of the Nissan X-Trail fuel filler pipeVisible corrosion on the filler pipe or neck and, in serious cases, a smell of fuel or a leak.
Source for the symptom in the Nissan X-Trail I^[107]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalRenault Clio IVPaint sensitive to stone chipsSmall chips in the paint and lacquer, especially on bumpers and sills, from stone impacts.
Source for the symptom in the Renault Clio IV^[108][109]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalRenault Twingo IIFragile body paint that flakes offThe paint lifts or flakes off the bodywork; the detail of the specific areas is not given in the source.
Source for the symptom in the Renault Twingo II^[110]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalŠkoda Fabia IIThe rear axle and tailgate can start to rust with ageVisible rust on the rear axle (torsion beam), on the tailgate or on an alloy wheel.
Source for the symptom in the Škoda Fabia II^[111]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalŠkoda Octavia IIFragile paintwork and corrosion spots on the bodyworkFlaking paint or rust spots on the bodywork, as described by the surveyed owners themselves.
Source for the symptom in the Škoda Octavia II^[112]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalSuzuki SplashFragile bodywork paintCracked lacquer, paint loss on bumpers and traces of rust.
Source for the symptom in the Suzuki Splash^[113]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalSuzuki Swift IIIFragile bodywork paintCracked lacquer, paint loss on the bumpers and traces of rust.
Source for the symptom in the Suzuki Swift III^[114]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalSuzuki Swift IVFragile paint and bodywork corrosionCracked lacquer, paint loss on bumpers and traces of rust.
Source for the symptom in the Suzuki Swift IV^[115]
- Medium severityFrequency: RareToyota RAV4 IIRust on the chassis and underside of the RAV4 bodyworkVisible rust on the chassis and underside, according to the page.
Source for the symptom in the Toyota RAV4 II^[116]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalToyota VersoCorrosion and leaks in the bodywork of the Toyota VersoRust at the seat mountings, damp in the boot and paint that flakes off.
Source for the symptom in the Toyota Verso^[117]
- Low severityFrequency: OccasionalVolkswagen Golf VIFragile paintwork and corrosion spots on the bodyworkFlaking paint or rust spots on the bodywork, as described by the owners surveyed.
Source for the symptom in the Volkswagen Golf VI^[118]
- Low severityFrequency: RareBMW Serie 1 F20Tailgate corrosion (early cars)Rust appearing on the tailgate (boot lid), according to gebrauchtwagenberater.de.
Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 1 F20^[119]
- Low severityFrequency: RareFiat SediciBumper paint peeling on the SediciBumper paint lifting or flaking off in scales.
Source for the symptom in the Fiat Sedici^[120]
- Low severityFrequency: RareHyundai i10 IIRust on bodywork, discs and mountingsRust on paint, underbody, wheel hubs and seat anchors.
Source for the symptom in the Hyundai i10 II^[121]
- Low severityFrequency: RareHyundai ix20Bodywork corrosion and paint deteriorationRust and paint deterioration appearing on the bodywork.
Source for the symptom in the Hyundai ix20^[122]
- Low severityFrequency: RareŠkoda Fabia IVEarly corrosion on fixings and axles, and the start of paint peelingCorrosion on fixings (bolts) and on the front and rear axles, along with the start of paint peeling, found in the test car's periodic inspections.
Source for the symptom in the Škoda Fabia IV^[123]
- Low severityFrequency: RareŠkoda YetiPoor paint quality and rust on the bottom of the doorsRust bubbles on the bottom edge of the doors and underbody areas.
Source for the symptom in the Škoda Yeti^[124]
- Low severityFrequency: RareVolkswagen up!Underbody rust with little protectionRust on the underbody and floor; water through the tailgate.
Source for the symptom in the Volkswagen up!^[125]

Rust: causes in your car

88 cars have several documented faults that cause this symptom. Choose yours to see only those that affect it, by engine and by year.

Alfa Romeo 1

Alfa Romeo 147

Audi 1

Audi A3 II

BMW 4

Citroën 2

Dacia 5

DS 1

DS DS 3

Fiat 2

Ford 2

Honda 5

Hyundai 5

Jeep 1

Jeep Grand Cherokee WK

Kia 3

Lancia 1

Lancia Thesis

Lotus 1

Lotus Elise S2

Mazda 6

Mercedes-Benz 15

MG 2

MINI 1

MINI Cooper R56

Nissan 6

Opel 3

Peugeot 2

Renault 2

Rover 1

Rover 45

Škoda 4

Suzuki 5

Toyota 4

Volkswagen 3

Rust by brand

Frequently asked questions

Will a car with rust pass the inspection?

It depends on where it is. Motor.es says that if the rust is purely cosmetic it is not a problem, but if it compromises the structure the car does not get a favourable result. Autofácil, with AECA-ITV, notes that oxidation or corrosion and breaks in the bodywork and chassis are checked, and that a broken suspension mounting point is a serious defect.^[1][2]

Why do wheel arches rust?

According to Bumper, they collect dirt, water and salt thrown up by the wheels, mud holds moisture against the steel and their two-layer structure traps moisture, so the rust usually starts from the inside.^[3]

Do modern cars rust too?

Yes. Motor.es stresses that corrosion is not just a problem for old cars and that British experts have found rust on modern cars before the paint warranty ran out; the weak points are wheel arches, door frames, boot seals and trim.^[1]

How much does it cost to remove rust from a car?

Bumper gives an average of around €400, with a range from €240 for minor repairs to more than €3,400 for replacing several panels; a wheel arch runs from €330 to €2,500 per side and the sills from €440 to €1,800. These are Spanish prices.^[3]

Is rust on a car dangerous?

According to Bumper, depending on its location and severity it can affect safety, especially on the suspension, underside and subframe. Motor.es adds that rusted metal becomes brittle and that structural rust can make scrapping the car the sensible option.^[1][3]

How do I stop my car from rusting?

Motor.es recommends washing it often (including the less visible areas if you drive on salted roads), repairing paint damage straight away, having regular checks and following the advice in the manual. Keeping the drains clear also prevents standing water.^[1][3]

Other symptoms: climate control, bodywork and interior

All symptoms

Has this happened to you? Tell us which fault it was, at how many kilometres and how much you paid: it helps other owners know what to expect. Report your fault.

Sources

Every fact on this page links to its source. If you find an error, let us know.

A los coches modernos también les afecta la corrosiónMotor.es · Motoring press · published 24 March 2016 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Spanish
El óxido en la carrocería del coche puede ser un defecto grave en la ITVAutofácil · Motoring press · published 16 May 2023 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Spanish
¿Cuánto cuesta reparar el óxido en un coche?Bumper · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Spanish
«Puede que no te pase la ITV»: la alerta de un mecánico a quienes compran su coche en este paísMotor16 · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Spanish
¿Por qué se mete agua en el coche cuando llueve? Te explicamos cómo arreglarloRACE · Motoring press · published 26 November 2024 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Spanish
Mercedes W203 Probleme: Schwachstellen und KaufberatungGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Mercedes-Benz W 210Wikipedia · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in German
Mercedes-Benz W210Wikipedia · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026
Mercedes-Benz W 202Wikipedia · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in German
Suzuki Jimny im Gebrauchtwagen-TestAUTO BILD · Motoring press · published 2016 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Suzuki Jimny Probleme: Mängel, Schwachstellencarwiki.de · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Suzuki Jimny im TÜV-Report 2022Schwäbische Zeitung (Auto Bild TÜV Report 2022) · Reliability study · published 14 February 2022 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
DVSA – base de llamadas a revisiónDVSA (Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency, Reino Unido) · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026
Mercedes-Benz Clase A (2019-2020): corrosión del bastidor auxiliar delantero (alerta 3/2022)Car-Recalls.eu (EU Safety Gate) · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026
Tous les problèmes sur Bmw SERIE 3 1991 - 1998 (160 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026 · in French
BMW E36 Three Series - Problems and Common Faultsunixnerd.co.uk · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026
BMW E36 3 Series Buyers Guide – What Model To BuyBMWBLOG · Motoring press · published 31 January 2020 · consulted 9 October 2026
Dacia Logan (2005-2012): pannes et témoignagesfiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 4 October 2026 · in French
France: early Logans recalled for rust remedyjust-auto.com · Motoring press · published 18 January 2008 · consulted 4 October 2026
Fiabilité et pannes du Ford Focus 1 (1998-2004)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Ford Focus MK1 – Typische Probleme & Schwachstellengebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · published 5 October 2023 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Tous les problèmes sur Kia CEED 2007-2012 (189 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026 · in French
Kia Ceed I: Bekannte Probleme & SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · published 3 April 2025 · consulted 9 October 2026 · in German
Lotus Elise S2 | PH Used Buying GuidePistonHeads · Motoring press · published 27 July 2020 · consulted 29 October 2026
Lotus Elise S2 buying guide - Lotus Elise S2 buying checkpointsevo · Motoring press · published 6 January 2021 · consulted 29 October 2026
Mercedes A-Klasse W169: Diese Schwachstellen sollten Käufer kennenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Fiabilité Mercedes Classe A (2004-2012) : pannes et avisFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Mercedes B-Klasse T245: Typische Probleme & SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Fiabilité Mercedes Classe B (2005-2012) : pannes et avisFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Mercedes C-Klasse W204 S204 2007-2014 Probleme Schwachstellen RückrufeGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 11 April 2026 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Mercedes C-Klasse ProblemeCarWiki.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Mercedes G-Klasse W460/W463: Rahmen, Achsen & SperrenKFZ Dietrich (taller, Hardegsen-Gladebeck) · Other source · published 20 March 2026 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
Mercedes 300 GE (W 463): gebraucht, Preis, kaufenAuto Bild Klassik · Motoring press · published 23 March 2021 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
Probleme der Mercedes-Benz G-Klasse 463carwiki.de · Other source · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 903: problemas conocidos (ficha de CarWiki)carwiki.de · Other source · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
Mercedes Viano W639 – Typische Probleme & Schwachstellengebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 3 June 2023 · consulted 5 October 2026 · in German
Opel Vectra C (2002-2008): Probleme & Schwachstellengebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · published 3 February 2022 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Rover 45 hatchback (1999-2005) review and buying guideClassic Car Reviews · Motoring press · published 19 September 2026 · consulted 29 October 2026
Rover 45 Common Problems, Faults & Repair CostsCarCostCheck (datos DVSA/MOT) · Reliability study · consulted 29 October 2026
Audi A3 (8P): Schwachstellen und KaufberatungGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Sprinter, Crafter, Transit und Co.: Typische TÜV-Mängel dieser 11 TransporterAuto Motor und Sport · Motoring press · published 28 September 2025 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
Citroën Jumper II: problemas conocidos (ficha de CarWiki)carwiki.de · Other source · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
Basisfahrzeuge von gebrauchten Wohnmobilen (Mängelreport; actualizado el 25/10/2021)promobil · Motoring press · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
Fiabilité Citroën Xsara Picasso (1999-2010) : pannes et rappelsfiches-auto.fr · Technical documentation · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Dacia Sandero (2008-2012): pannes et témoignagesfiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 4 October 2026 · in French
Kupujemy Fiata w cenie roweru. 15 lat temu to były w Polsce bestsellery (Fiat Panda II, awaryjność)Auto Świat · Motoring press · published 1 January 2025 · consulted 30 October 2026 · in another language
Fiat Panda Probleme: alle Mängel & Schwachstellen (Typ 169, 2003 bis 2012)CarWiki.de · Motoring press · consulted 30 October 2026 · in German
Suzuki SX4 Probleme (2006-2014) y gemelo Fiat SediciGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Jeep Grand Cherokee (Typ WH): Gebrauchtwagen-TestAUTO BILD · Motoring press · published 3 February 2017 · consulted 5 October 2026 · in German
Kia Cerato I с пробегом: порогов нет, глюки – естьKolesa.ru · Motoring press · published 27 February 2019 · consulted 9 October 2026 · in another language
Lancia Thesis: Youngtimer-Check y Centenario SportivaAUTO BILD (Alemania) · Motoring press · published 14 March 2026 · consulted 30 October 2026 · in German
Tous les problèmes sur Mazda 3 2003-2009 (140 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Mazda 3 BL (2009-2013): typische Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Mazda 6 2002-2008: fiabilidad, averías y testimonios (206 testimonios)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Mazda 6 II (GH, 2008-2012): typische Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
The Mark 3 - is it really as bad as people say?Foro MX-5 Owners Club (Reino Unido) · Owners' forum · published 26 February 2019 · consulted 29 October 2026
MG TF (2002–2011) used car buying guide: Cheap, fun, not without pitfallsParkers · Motoring press · published 2 July 2025 · consulted 29 October 2026
Nissan Note : pannes et fiabilitéfiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Opel Omega B (1994-2003)AUTO BILD · Motoring press · published 25 February 2002 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
Opel Omega B (1994-2003): Der letzte große OpelAUTO BILD · Motoring press · published 20 September 2005 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
Выбираем Opel Vectra B с пробегом: коррозия кузова и проблемы электрикиKolesa.ru · Motoring press · published 8 November 2016 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in another language
Peugeot 2008 (2015): accident suspension, subchasis (alerta Safety Gate 36/2020, código JSB)Car-Recalls.eu (Safety Gate UE) · Official body · published 6 September 2020 · consulted 29 October 2026
Suzuki Ignis Probleme: Getriebe, Rost, Fahrwerk, Bremsecarwiki.de · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Всё о надёжности Toyota Land Cruiser Prado 150: типичные проблемы японского внедорожникаАвто.ру · Motoring press · published 16 December 2024 · consulted 9 October 2026 · in another language
7 enfermedades del Toyota Land Cruiser Prado 150Tengrinews.kz · General press · consulted 30 October 2026 · in another language
Toyota Land Cruiser V (J150): opiniones y averías de propietariosautocentrum.pl · Other source · consulted 30 October 2026 · in another language
Volkswagen Golf IV (1998-2003): fiabilidad y averías (plataforma hermana del Bora)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Volkswagen Jetta (A4) (Wikipedia)Wikipedia · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026
Fiabilité Dacia Logan 2 (2012-2020) (122 avis)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Dacia Logan 2 Mcv : avis des propriétairesCaradisiac · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Fiabilité et pannes du Ford Mondeo (2000-2007)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Ford Mondeo MK3 (2000-2007): Typische Probleme & Krankheitengebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · published 17 January 2025 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Tous les problèmes sur Mercedes GLK 2009-2015 (92 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Fiabilidad del Toyota Corolla Verso (2004-2009) según testimoniosfiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Fiabilité et pannes de l'Alfa Romeo 147 (2000-2005)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Fiabilité et pannes de l'Alfa Romeo 147 restylée (2005-2010)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
BMW 2er Active Tourer/Gran Tourer: Schwachstellen, Probleme, StärkenAUTO BILD · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Tous les problèmes sur BMW Série 7 2001-2008 (64 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Fiabilité Dacia Duster (2010-2017)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Fiabilité Dacia Duster : quel moteur, version, boîte de vitesses, année... choisir ?La Revue Automobile · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Dacia Spring 2021 (73 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Dacia Spring Probleme | Mängel, Krankheiten & SchwachstellenCarWiki.de · Motoring press · consulted 30 October 2026 · in German
Tous les problèmes sur DS DS3 2009-2018 (549 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Fiabilité Fiat Panda 2 (2003-2012) : pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Fiat Panda fa scalpore al TÜV: tanti pregi ma anche pesanti difettiAutoblog.it (TÜV Report 2025) · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Italian
Tous les problèmes sur Honda Civic 2012-2017 (195 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Fiabilité Honda Civic (2017-2022) : pannes recensées par les propriétairesFiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Honda CR-V 2007-2013 (123 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Honda CR-V 2012-2019 (142 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Honda Jazz 2 2008-2015 (112 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Fiabilité Hyundai i30 (2007-2012)fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Hyundai Santa Fe 1999-2006 (103 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Kia VENGA 2010-2018 (89 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Usterki Mazda 6 II: averías declaradas por propietariosAutoCentrum.pl · Owners' forum · consulted 29 October 2026 · in another language
Fiabilité Mazda 6 (2012-2022) (33 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Mercedes M-Klasse W163 – Typische Probleme & SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · published 4 June 2023 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Gebrauchtwagen-Test: Mercedes M-Klasse (ab 1997)AUTO BILD · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Mercedes CLK-Klasse W208 с пробегом: скрытая коррозия идеального кузоваKolesa.ru · Motoring press · published 31 January 2017 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in another language
Mercedes SLK (1996-2004): testimonios de averíasfiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur MG MG4 2023 (87 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Mini R56, R57 (2006-2016): typische Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 15 August 2026 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Fiabilité Nissan Juke (2010-2019)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Nissan Juke F15: Probleme, Schwachstellen und RückrufeGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Fiabilité Nissan Micra V (dès 2017) : pannes recensées par les propriétairesFiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Nissan Qashqai I (J10): typische Probleme und KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Nissan Qashqai J11: Probleme, Schwachstellen und RückrufeGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
Tous les problèmes sur Nissan X-Trail 2001-2013 (280 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Fiabilité Renault Clio 4 (2012-2019)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
VOS AVIS Renault Clio 4Caradisiac · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Renault Twingo 2 2007-2014 (409 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Škoda Fabia 2 2007-2014 (174 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Skoda Octavia 2004-2012 (248 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Suzuki Splash 2008-2015 (43 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Suzuki Swift 2005-2010 (213 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Suzuki Swift 2 2010-2017 (150 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Tous les problèmes sur Toyota RAV4 2001-2006 (306 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Toyota Verso (2009-2017): problemas y averías (173 testimonios)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Fiabilité et pannes de la Volkswagen Golf VI (2008-2012)Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
BMW 1er Probleme & Krankheiten (E87, F20)Gebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Fiat Sedici: usterki zgłoszone przez kierowcówautocentrum.pl · Owners' forum · consulted 30 October 2026 · in another language
Hyundai i10 II: opiniones de propietariosAutoCentrum (Polonia) · Owners' forum · consulted 30 October 2026 · in another language
Tous les problèmes sur Hyundai IX20 2010-2018 (51 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
Skoda Fabia Monte Carlo im Dauertest über 100.000 kmAuto Bild · Motoring press · published 31 July 2026 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
Skoda Yeti (2009-2017) used car buying guideParkers · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026
VW Up: GebrauchtwagencheckGebrauchtwagenberater.de (Alemania) · Motoring press · published 22 March 2026 · consulted 30 October 2026 · in German