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StartingUrgency: Garage soon

Hard starting or engine will not start: causes and the faults that trigger it

The battery is the most common cause, and what you see and hear when you turn the key is a good guide: no noise and no lights is usually a flat battery; a clicking sound with the dashboard lights flickering means the starter motor is not getting enough power; and with lights but no noise you need to think about the immobiliser or the starter motor itself. If the engine turns over but does not start, you need to check the fuel, the sensors or the immobiliser. The sensible thing is not to keep trying the key and, if you cannot see the cause, to call roadside assistance.[1][2][3]

63 documented faults cause it in 52 engines. The most important:

What it means

The engine turns over but takes a long time to start or never does. On diesels it may be down to glow plugs, injectors or fuel pressure; on petrol engines, the fuel pump, sensors or ignition. If it also makes strange noises, there may be a timing problem.

General explanation from MotorFiable. How it shows up in each engine, with sources, is in the list of faults.

What to do now

Garage soon

Do not keep cranking for long: you can damage the starter motor or the catalytic converter. Ask for a diagnosis and say whether the problem appears when cold or when warm.

120 sourcesHow we work

Most common causes

From most to least likely according to the sources. Under each cause, the part and the related OBD codes.

  1. 1. Flat or worn-out battery

    Common cause

    RACE names it as the most common cause: without enough stored energy, the car will struggle to start. It usually gives warning first with a sluggish starter motor, dim headlights with the engine off or the battery warning light on the dashboard.[1][4]

    Faults with with the 12 V battery

  2. 2. Starter motor, cables or connections

    Possible cause

    Faulty wiring (cables, fuses, connectors) or a starter motor that does not get enough power stops the engine from turning over. A mechanic quoted by COPE warns that if you keep trying with a low battery, you can burn out the starter motor and the wiring.[1][5]

    Faults with with the alternator and starter motorFaults with with the electrical wiring

  3. 3. Immobiliser or unrecognised key

    Possible cause

    If the car does not recognise an authorised key, the immobiliser blocks starting. RACE includes it among the causes of a car that makes no noise but keeps its lights, and associates it with deprogrammed keys, damaged transponders or electrical connection faults.[1][2]

    Faults with with the control units

  4. 4. Alternator not recharging the battery

    Possible cause

    If the alternator is not charging, the battery runs down and the car ends up not starting or cutting out shortly after it does. RACE uses this clue to tell it apart from the battery: if the engine keeps running after using jump leads, it is probably the battery; if it cuts out soon afterwards, the alternator.[6]

    Faults with with the alternator and starter motorFaults with with the 12 V battery

  5. 5. Crankshaft sensor

    Possible cause

    RACE highlights the crankshaft sensor among the sensors that can prevent starting. Autodoc Club associates code P0335 (no signal from the crankshaft sensor) with difficulty or inability to start, and its list of causes includes the connector, the crankshaft reluctor ring and the wiring.[1][7]

    Faults with with the engine sensorsP0335

  6. 6. Fuel fault: injectors, pump or filter

    Possible cause

    Without injection there is no combustion. RACE cites the injectors (more prone to failure on diesels than on petrol engines) and the high-pressure and lift pumps. Autodoc Club adds that fuel pressure that is too low (P0087) can cause hard starting and that its causes are a blocked filter, a faulty pump, a damaged line or the pressure sensor.[1][8]

    Faults with with the fuel pumpFaults with with the injectorsP0087

  7. 7. Flat key fob battery (smart key)

    Possible cause

    On modern cars the key communicates by radio waves and the fob needs batteries; RACE recommends replacing the fob battery among the basic immobiliser checks. With a flat fob battery, Telecinco explains that on cars with a start button and an emergency sensor the engine can start if you hold the fob against the button or the area marked with the key symbol.[1][2][9]

  8. 8. Mechanical wear or lack of maintenance

    Uncommon

    RACE mentions badly adjusted valves, a worn camshaft and faulty piston rings, and also worn spark plugs, a broken timing belt or clogged filters. Autodoc Club includes a broken timing belt among the causes of code P0335.[1][7]

    Faults with with the timing belt

Depending on what you notice

Won't start, makes no noise and the dashboard doesn't light up

When the car will not start and makes no noise, RACE says the battery is normally flat, even more so if the lights are off. You can confirm it with a multimeter: at rest, a fully charged battery reads between 12.4 and 12.7 V, and below 12.0 V it is flat.[1][4]

Won't start but the lights come on (and the battery seems fine)

Lights coming on do not rule out the battery: among the cases of a car with no noise but with lights, RACE includes a starter motor that does not receive enough power, as well as the immobiliser and frequency jammers. With a healthy battery, RACE also cites cables, fuses, the crankshaft sensor, control units and fuel (injectors and pumps).[1]

Won't start and goes click-click

A metallic clicking together with the dashboard lights flickering is the typical symptom of a battery without enough charge: the starter motor has no energy to turn the engine. A mechanic quoted by COPE describes it as a slow, repeated knocking, and warns that persisting can burn out the starter motor and the wiring.[1][3][5]

The immobiliser won't let the car start

The immobiliser prevents starting if the car does not recognise an authorised key and can block the fuel injection and ignition. RACE cites as signs the key-not-detected warning, the key or padlock icon flashing, a starter motor that turns without the engine firing, or an engine that starts and stalls straight away; it recommends trying the spare key, replacing the fob battery and moving other electronic devices away.[2]

The key turns and the engine turns over, but it won't start

If the starter motor turns without the car starting, RACE points to the immobiliser, the fuel injectors and pumps and sensors such as the crankshaft sensor. Autodoc Club associates P0335 with difficulty or inability to start and P0087 (low fuel pressure) with hard starting, so reading the codes helps you decide.[1][2][7][8]

My car stalled while driving and now won't start

Autodoc Club notes that a crankshaft sensor fault (P0335) can cut the engine while driving and then prevent starting, and that its list of causes includes a broken timing belt; fuel pressure that is too low (P0087) can also cause sudden stalling and a no-start. If the engine cuts out shortly after being started with jump leads, RACE suspects the alternator.[6][7][8]

What to check first

  1. Notice what happens when you turn the key: total silence, a click or clicking, or the starter motor turning without the car starting. Each case points to a different cause (battery, starter motor, immobiliser, fuel or sensors).[1][3]
  2. Look at the headlights and the dashboard lights: with the engine off, dim light points to the battery. If you have a multimeter, measure the voltage at rest: between 12.4 and 12.7 V is a full charge and below 12.0 V the battery is flat.[4]
  3. If you suspect the battery, use jump leads or a portable jump starter, or call assistance, and do not keep cranking repeatedly. Do not push-start it: RACE warns that it damages the catalytic converter and that it is not possible on automatics and hybrids. Some manufacturers warn of voltage spikes with jump starters, so check the manual.[3][5]
  4. Once it is running, see whether it stays running: if it keeps going, it is probably the battery; if it cuts out soon afterwards or the electrical systems fail while driving, suspect the alternator.[6]
  5. On an automatic, check that the lever is in P and press the brake when starting. With a smart key, try the spare key, replace the fob battery or hold the fob against the start button or the area marked with the key symbol.[2][9][10]
  6. If the engine turns over but does not start, or it stalled while driving, ask a garage for a diagnosis with code reading: codes P0335 (crankshaft sensor) and P0087 (low fuel pressure) are two of those Autodoc Club associates with a no-start.[7][8]

Can I keep driving?

Urgency: Garage soon

With a car that will not start, the question is not whether you can drive it but what not to do: do not keep trying the key, because with a low battery you can burn out the starter motor and the wiring, and do not push-start it, because RACE warns that it damages the catalytic converter. If you manage to start it with jump leads and it cuts out soon afterwards, the alternator is probably not charging and you could be stranded again. If you cannot see a clear cause, roadside assistance is the safest option.[3][5][6]

How much it costs to fix

Indicative prices published by the sources cited; they depend on the car and the garage.

RepairPrice
New battery (range given by a mechanic quoted by COPE, in Spain; does not specify whether fitting is included)[5]€70 – €250
Replacing the starter motor (range from the same mechanic in COPE, in Spain, depending on the type of car and labour)[5]€180 – €500
Replacing the crankshaft sensor (average range given by Autodoc Club; does not specify whether labour is included)[7]€170 – €220
Portable battery jump starter (the product, not a repair; RACE gives the range by capacity and professional grade)[3]€20 – €300

Documented faults that cause it

Specific engine and gearbox faults, from most to least important (severity × frequency). Below each title, how the symptom shows up in that fault.

  1. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 BlueHDi[11][12]

  2. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 and 1.4 TSI[13]

  3. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 HDi[14]

  4. Source for the symptom in the OM651[15]

  5. Source for the symptom in the BMW N54/N55[16][17]

  6. Source for the symptom in the OM642[18]

  7. Source for the symptom in the 2.2 CDI (OM646)[19][20]

  8. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 dCi[21][22]

  9. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 GDi híbrido (Kappa)[23]

  10. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 HDi[24][25]

  11. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 HDi[26]

  12. Source for the symptom in the 1.4 HDi[27]

  13. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 BlueHDi[28]

  14. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 Hybrid[29]

  15. Source for the symptom in the 1.8 Hybrid[30][31]

  16. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 and 2.5 Hybrid[30]

  17. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 dCi[22][32]

  18. Source for the symptom in the 1.3 Multijet[33]

  19. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 CRDi[34][35]

  20. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 / 1.5 VTEC Turbo[36][37]

  21. Source for the symptom in the Honda e:HEV / i-MMD[36][37]

  22. Source for the symptom in the 1.7 CRDi[38]

  23. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 DTI and 2.2 DTI[39]

  24. Source for the symptom in the 2.2 HDi[40]

  25. Source for the symptom in the 1.8 TCe[41][42]

  26. Source for the symptom in the OM651[19]

  27. Source for the symptom in the BMW M47[43]

  28. Source for the symptom in the BMW N43/N46[44][45]

  29. Source for the symptom in the 1.8 TDCi[46]

  30. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 THP[47]

  31. Source for the symptom in the 1.4 and 1.6 8v[48]

  32. Source for the symptom in the 1.4 and 1.6 16v[49]

  33. Source for the symptom in the 1.4 D-4D[50]

  34. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 FSI[51]

  35. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 FSI[52][53]

  36. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 BlueHDi[54]

  37. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 dCi[22]

  38. Source for the symptom in the BMW N13[55]

  39. Source for the symptom in the BMW N20[56]

  40. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 8v Fire[57]

  41. Source for the symptom in the 2.3 MultiJet[58]

  42. Source for the symptom in the 1.1 and 1.4 CRDi[59]

  43. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 CRDi (D4EA)[60]

  44. Source for the symptom in the Mazda MX-30 e-Skyactiv[61][62]

  45. Source for the symptom in the M112 / M113[63]

  46. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 CDI (OM640)[64]

  47. Source for the symptom in the Mitsubishi PHEV[65]

  48. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 VC-Turbo e-Power[66]

  49. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 16v[48]

  50. Source for the symptom in the E-Tech Híbrido[67][68]

  51. Source for the symptom in the E-Tech Híbrido[69]

  52. Source for the symptom in the 1.4 and 1.6 16v[70]

  53. Source for the symptom in the Subaru bóxer[65]

  54. Source for the symptom in the 1.33 Dual VVT-i[71]

  55. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 BlueHDi[72]

  56. Source for the symptom in the Mitsubishi PHEV[65][73]

  57. Source for the symptom in the M264/M254[74]

  58. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 TCe / SCe[75]

  59. Source for the symptom in the Honda e:HEV / i-MMD[76]

  60. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 / 1.25 MPi[77]

  61. Source for the symptom in the MIVEC gasolina[78]

  62. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 and 1.4 Boosterjet[79]

  63. Source for the symptom in the 2.4 / 2.8 D-4D (GD)[80]

Faults elsewhere in the car that cause it

Suspension, brake, electronics and other faults on specific cars, from most to least important.

  1. Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 4 G22[81][82]

  2. Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 4 G22[65][83]

  3. Source for the symptom in the BMW X3 G45[84][85]

  4. Source for the symptom in the BMW X5 G05[86]

  5. Source for the symptom in the BMW X6 G06[86]

  6. Source for the symptom in the BMW X7 G07[86]

  7. Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 1 E87[87]

  8. Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 5 E60[88]

  9. Source for the symptom in the Chevrolet Cruze[89]

  10. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Kona I[90]

  11. Source for the symptom in the Kia Sportage IV[91]

  12. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase C W203[92]

  13. Source for the symptom in the Renault Mégane II[70]

  14. Source for the symptom in the Seat Alhambra II[93]

  15. Source for the symptom in the Toyota GR Supra A90[94]

  16. Source for the symptom in the DS DS 4 II[95]

  17. Source for the symptom in the Fiat Panda II[96]

  18. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Bayon[97]

  19. Source for the symptom in the Mazda 3 I[98][99]

  20. Source for the symptom in the Mazda CX-30[100]

  21. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz CLK C208[101]

  22. Source for the symptom in the Nissan Juke II[75][102]

  23. Source for the symptom in the Nissan Micra III[103]

  24. Source for the symptom in the Nissan Primastar[104]

  25. Source for the symptom in the Peugeot 406[105][106]

  26. Source for the symptom in the Renault Kangoo II[107]

  27. Source for the symptom in the Renault Scénic IV[108]

  28. Source for the symptom in the Toyota Avensis T25[109]

  29. Source for the symptom in the Opel Meriva B[65][110]

  30. Source for the symptom in the Dacia Sandero I[111]

  31. Source for the symptom in the Honda HR-V III[112]

  32. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai i10 II[113]

  33. Source for the symptom in the Kia Picanto II[114][115]

  34. Source for the symptom in the Lynk & Co 01[116]

  35. Source for the symptom in the Peugeot 3008 I[117]

  36. Source for the symptom in the Renault Twingo I[118]

  37. Source for the symptom in the Volkswagen Golf Plus[119][120]

Which cars it appears in

These faults affect 52 engines. We have documented 351 models from 34 makes with some of the affected versions: open yours to see all its faults.

Engines

Cars with the affected versions

Hard to start: causes in your car

363 cars have several documented faults that cause this symptom. Choose yours to see only those that affect it, by engine and by year.

Alfa Romeo 1
Alpine 1
Audi 3
BMW 20
Chevrolet 2
Chrysler 1
Citroën 25
Dacia 10
DS 6
Fiat 12
Ford 16
Honda 7
Hyundai 21
Infiniti 2
Iveco 3
Jeep 1
Kia 23
Lancia 3
Land Rover 2
Lynk & Co 1
Mazda 5
Mercedes-Benz 39
MINI 4
Mitsubishi 3
Nissan 11
Opel 19
Peugeot 28
Renault 28
Seat 6
Škoda 5
Subaru 3
Suzuki 10
Toyota 25
Volkswagen 13
Volvo 4

Hard to start by brand

Fault codes that may go with it

If you have an OBD reader, the code stored by the control unit helps you work out which system is failing.

Frequently asked questions

Why won't my car start if the battery is fine, or when it isn't the battery?

A healthy battery is only one of the conditions. RACE groups the rest into electrical problems (starter motor, cables, fuses, connectors, sensors such as the crankshaft sensor and control units), fuel problems (injectors and pumps), the immobiliser, and mechanical wear or lack of maintenance (spark plugs, timing belt). What you hear when you turn the key and the lights that come on help narrow down the cause.[1]

How can I tell if the car won't start because of the battery?

According to RACE, if there is no noise and the lights are off, it is normally a flat battery; if there is clicking and the dashboard lights flicker, the starter motor is not getting enough power for the same reason. With a multimeter, at rest it should read between 12.4 and 12.7 V, and below 12.0 V it is flat.[1][3][4]

Can you start the car by pushing it?

RACE advises against it on modern cars: unburnt fuel reaches the catalytic converter, an expensive component, and can damage it. On automatics and hybrids, it is not possible to start that way anyway. It is better to use jump leads, a portable jump starter or roadside assistance.[3]

What happens if I keep trying the key?

A mechanic quoted by COPE explains that, with low battery voltage, the electrical system compensates with more current, which heats up and damages the circuit: you end up burning out the starter motor and the wiring, with a repair that costs more than the original problem. He advises stopping trying and resolving the underlying cause, such as the battery or charging.[5]

Why won't my automatic car start?

First rule out the sequence: Autonocion says to start with the lever in P and your foot on the brake. If the sequence is correct, the same causes apply as on a manual (battery, starter motor, immobiliser, fuel or sensors), and RACE reminds us that an automatic cannot be started by pushing it.[3][10]

What do I do if my smart-key car won't start?

As basic checks, RACE recommends trying the spare key, replacing the fob battery, moving away electronic devices that interfere and checking the battery voltage. Telecinco adds that, with a flat fob battery, on cars with a start button and an emergency sensor the engine can start if you hold the fob against the button or the area marked with the key symbol.[2][9]

Other symptoms: starting

All symptoms

Has this happened to you? Tell us which fault it was, at how many kilometres and how much you paid: it helps other owners know what to expect. Report your fault.

Sources

Every fact on this page links to its source. If you find an error, let us know.

  1. ¿Tu coche no arranca? Te contamos cuáles son las causas más comunesRACE · Motoring press · published 23 May 2023 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  2. ¿Qué es el inmovilizador de un coche?RACE · Motoring press · published 25 September 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  3. ¿Se puede arrancar un coche sin batería y no teniendo unas pinzas a mano?RACE · Motoring press · published 16 July 2024 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  4. Todo sobre la batería de 12V: funcionamiento, tipos y usoRACE · Motoring press · published 28 September 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  5. Juan José, mecánico: "Si vas a arrancar el coche, te hace esto y sigues insistiendo, el motor de arranque lo vas a quemar, todo por no arreglar el sistema"COPE · General press · published 3 July 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  6. Síntomas de un alternador en mal estado: cómo detectar esta averíaRACE · Motoring press · published 29 September 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  7. Código OBD2 P0335 en Ford, Citroen, Nissan, Peugeot: causas, síntomas y cómo corregirloAutodoc Club · Technical documentation · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  8. Código OBD2 P0087: causas, síntomas y cómo corregirloAutodoc Club · Technical documentation · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  9. El truco de un profesor de autoescuela por si te quedas sin pilas en las llaves del cocheTelecinco · General press · published 6 April 2025 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  10. Conducir un coche automático: cómo hacerlo, trucos para aprender y errores típicosAutonocion · Motoring press · published 20 September 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  11. 1.5 BlueHDi. Stellantis rappelle 930 000 véhicules et étend la couverture à 10 ansL'argus · Motoring press · published 3 July 2025 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  12. Peugeot 1.5 BlueHDi Engine ProblemsGT Automotive · Technical documentation · published 25 September 2024 · consulted 26 September 2026
  13. Problema en la distribución en motores TSi del Grupo VAGBlog Mecánicos · Other source · published 13 February 2014 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  14. Fiabilité Citroën Peugeot. Le bloc 1.6 HDi 8 soupapes est-il fiable ? (1.6 HDi 112/115)L'argus · Motoring press · published 23 March 2015 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  15. Mercedes OM651 turbodiésel: ficha técnica, problemas y tuningMotordinámico · Motoring press · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  16. Todo lo que necesitas saber sobre el motor BMW N54High Performance Academy · Technical documentation · consulted 5 October 2026 · in Spanish
  17. The Definitive Guide to the BMW N54 EngineFCP Euro · Technical documentation · consulted 5 October 2026
  18. Motor diésel Mercedes V6 OM642Motordinámico · Motoring press · published December 2024 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  19. Sprinter injector problems: black death, rough idle and overfuellingSprinterpedia · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026
  20. Fiabilité 220 CDIFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  21. A cuántos kilómetros se cambia la correa de distribuciónAutopista · Motoring press · published 14 May 2026 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  22. Fiabilité Renault Mégane 3 : que vaut le modèle en occasion ?Caradisiac · Motoring press · published 25 November 2015 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  23. Kia Niro (2016-2018): relé principal con contactos deficientes (alerta Safety Gate 21/2019)Car-Recalls.eu (EU Safety Gate) · Other source · consulted 30 October 2026
  24. PSA 1.5-1.6-2.0 BlueHDi. Défaut du réservoir d'Adblue pris en chargeL'argus · Motoring press · published 6 March 2021 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  25. OCU y BEUC consiguen que Stellantis amplíe la garantía de los coches con AdBlueOCU · Consumer association · published 27 December 2024 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  26. Aditivo AdBlue: qué debes usar para evitar una reparación de 2.000 euros en tu coche diéselAutopista · Motoring press · published 1 April 2026 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  27. Essai, avis et fiabilité des 1.4 HDI 68 chFiches-Auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  28. AdBlue : problèmes en pagailleFiches-Auto · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  29. Toyota Yaris Cross : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  30. Toyota C-HR : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  31. Toyota Corolla : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  32. Maxi-fiche occasion : que vaut le Renault Scénic 2 en seconde main ?Caradisiac · Motoring press · published 29 October 2014 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  33. Fiat 1.3 Multijet: problemas, fallos y averías más frecuentesTotalrenting · Other source · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  34. Motor Kia y Hyundai 1.6 CRDI (D4FB): ficha tecnica, problemas y tuningMotordinámico · Technical documentation · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  35. Best Hyundai Kia 1.6 CRDI Mods & Upgrades Guide to D4FB TuningTorqueCars · Other source · consulted 26 September 2026
  36. Honda Civic: fuel pump recall 2017-2020 (Safety Gate 29/2024)Car-Recalls.eu · Official body · consulted 30 October 2026
  37. Honda CR-V V (RW): Typische Probleme & SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 30 October 2026 · in German
  38. Hyundai iX35 1.7 Crdi Problemas | Fallos y averías más frecuentesTotalRenting · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  39. Opel Vectra BWikipedia (alemán) · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  40. Essai, avis et fiabilité des 2,2 HDI 136 chevauxFiches-Auto · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  41. Alpine A110. Un nouveau rappel pour remplacer des pompes à essenceL'argus · Motoring press · published 25 October 2023 · consulted 31 October 2026 · in French
  42. L'A110 rappelée par Alpine pour un problème lors de fortes chaleursPlanète Renault · Motoring press · published 31 October 2023 · consulted 31 October 2026 · in French
  43. Motor BMW M47: problemas y averíasDasercars · Technical documentation · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  44. BMW N43: Bei diesem Benziner ist Ärger vorprogrammiertGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  45. BMW N46: Typische Probleme & HaltbarkeitGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  46. Ford Focus Mk2: Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  47. Prince engineWikipedia (inglés) · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026
  48. Fiabilité et pannes du Renault Kangoo 1Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  49. Fiabilité et pannes de la Renault Clio 2Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  50. Toyota Yaris (1999-2005) : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  51. La carbonilla en los motores: qué es, por qué es tan dañinaMotor.es · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  52. Fiabilité Volkswagen Golf V - pannes moteur, boîte, électronique...Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  53. Fiabilité Audi A3 - pannes moteur, boîte, électronique...Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  54. 1.5 BlueHDi. Stellantis rappelle plusieurs milliers de véhicules pour un problème d'injectionL'argus · Motoring press · published 14 March 2026 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  55. BMW N13Wikipedia (inglés) · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026
  56. BMW N20 Engine: Pros, Cons, Reliability, Tuning, and Maintenance GuideBMW BLOG · Motoring press · published 8 June 2025 · consulted 27 September 2026
  57. Fiabilité et pannes de la Fiat Punto (Grande Punto / Punto Evo / Punto)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  58. Iveco Daily IV 35C12 2.3 HPI: fiabilidadCarverif · Other source · consulted 8 October 2026 · in French
  59. Hyundai i20 I: Typische Probleme & KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  60. Hyundai Tucson I: Typische Probleme & KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · published 8 May 2025 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  61. Mazda MX-30 (DR): starting problems, KBA recallcar-recalls.eu · Other source · published 26 June 2023 · consulted 30 October 2026
  62. Mazda MX-30: faulty charge controller software (KBA 012881)car-recalls.eu · Other source · published 18 July 2023 · consulted 30 October 2026
  63. Defekter Kurbelwellensensor: Probleme, Ursachen, SymptomeGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · published 7 April 2022 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  64. Mercedes A-Klasse (W169) – Typische Probleme & SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  65. DVSA – base de llamadas a revisiónDVSA (Reino Unido) · Other source · consulted 8 October 2026
  66. Nissanowski SUV z usterką systemu zarządzania akumulatoremAutokatalog.pl · Motoring press · published 2025 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in another language
  67. Fiabilité et pannes de la Renault Clio 5Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  68. Fiabilité et pannes du Renault ArkanaFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  69. Fiabilité et pannes du Renault AustralFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  70. Fiabilité et pannes de la Renault Mégane 2Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  71. Toyota 1.33 1NR-FE: Typische Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  72. Llamada a revisión de Stellantis a estos coches diésel por avería graveAutofácil · Motoring press · published 9 April 2026 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  73. Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV (2013 – 2014): alerta A12/1947/19 (sensor de caudal de aire)car-recalls.eu (alertas Safety Gate / RAPEX) · Other source · published 13 December 2019 · consulted 8 October 2026
  74. Mild Hybrids 48 Volt ProblemsAutobiz Ireland · Motoring press · consulted 9 October 2026
  75. Fiabilité et pannes du Nissan Juke 2Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  76. Sistema híbrido Honda e:HEV (i-MMD): problemas, fiabilidad y coches que lo llevanMotordex · Technical documentation · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Spanish
  77. Hyundai i10 (2007-2013): avis, qualités et défautsFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  78. Ojetý Mitsubishi Lancer (CY, CX): Když lancer, tak benzin!Auto.cz · Motoring press · published 20 July 2017 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in another language
  79. Gebrauchtwagen-Check: Grundsätzlich gut: Der Suzuki Vitara beim TÜVVolksstimme (dpa) · General press · published January 2026 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  80. Bujía de precalentamientoWikipedia (español) · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026 · in Spanish
  81. BMW llama a revisión a más de 300.000 coches por riesgo de incendio en el motorAutofácil · Motoring press · published 29 September 2025 · consulted 9 October 2026 · in Spanish
  82. Feuergefahr: BMW startet XXL-Rückruf für fast alle BaureihenBimmerToday · Motoring press · published 26 September 2025 · consulted 9 October 2026 · in German
  83. BMW llama a revisión a medio millón de coches porque el motor de arranque se sobrecalienta y hay riesgo de incendio en el peor de los casosMotorpasión · Motoring press · published 12 February 2026 · consulted 9 October 2026 · in Spanish
  84. Safety Gate: alerta SR/01744/25 (BMW X3, cable positivo del motor de arranque-generador)Comisión Europea – Safety Gate · Official body · published 6 May 2025 · consulted 31 October 2026
  85. Safety Gate: alerta SR/01734/25 (BMW, cable positivo del motor de arranque-generador en varios modelos)Comisión Europea – Safety Gate · Official body · published 18 August 2025 · consulted 31 October 2026
  86. BMW X7 (2018–2021): electronic fire recall (alerta Safety Gate 44/2025, SR/03830/25; incluye X5 y X6)car-recalls.eu · Other source · published 1 November 2025 · consulted 8 October 2026
  87. BMW 1er E81, E87, E88: Schwachstellen und ProblemeGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  88. Fiabilité BMW Série 5 (2003-2010): pannes et avis de propriétairesFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  89. Chevrolet UK Cruze: Engine May Stall (R/2011/160)Car-Recalls.co.uk (reproduce DVSA) · Other source · consulted 31 October 2026
  90. Hyundai Kona: Probleme & KaufberatungGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  91. Kia Sportage 1.6 T-GDI Black Edition 2WD (01/21 - 01/22) — ficha, rückrufe y PannenstatistikADAC · Reliability study · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
  92. Avis Mercedes Classe C (W203, 2000-2007): opiniones de propietariosFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  93. Seat Alhambra (2011): starter relaycar-recalls.eu · Official body · published 23 March 2018 · consulted 4 October 2026
  94. Toyota GR Supra (2019-2020): starter relay fire riskcar-recalls.eu (Safety Gate UE) · Official body · published 2 November 2025 · consulted 29 October 2026
  95. Tous les problèmes sur DS DS4 2021 (27 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  96. Fiabilité Fiat Panda 2 (2003-2012) : pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  97. Tous les problèmes sur Hyundai Bayon 2021 (6 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  98. Mazda 3 BK (2003-2009): Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  99. Mazda3 (BK/BL/BM): Gebrauchtwagen kaufenAuto Zeitung · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  100. Fiabilité Mazda CX-30Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  101. Gebrauchtwagentest Mercedes CLKAuto Bild · Motoring press · published 23 November 2007 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  102. Nissan Juke 2 - AvisCaradisiac · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  103. Nissan Micra III : pannes et fiabilitéfiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  104. Nissan Primastar Kombi kurz 2.0 dCi 90 Comfort (9-Sitzer) (09/06 - 07/11): Rückrufe & MängelADAC (Autokatalog) · Technical documentation · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  105. Fiabilité Peugeot 406: pannes et problèmesFiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026 · in French
  106. Peugeot 406 common problems, issues and reliabilityBreakerLink · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026
  107. Fiabilité Renault Kangoo 2 : tous les problèmes et vices révélésfiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  108. Fiabilité Renault Scénic 4 : pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  109. Toyota Avensis 2003-2009: pannes et problèmes (370 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  110. Opel Meriva (2014-2015): engine wiring harness may chafe against the transmission housing (Safety Gate 2015)car-recalls.eu · Other source · published 27 August 2015 · consulted 30 October 2026
  111. Dacia Sandero (2008-2012): pannes et témoignagesfiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 4 October 2026 · in French
  112. Fiabilité Honda HRV (2022) (9 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026 · in French
  113. Hyundai i10 II: Typische Mängel und KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  114. Kia Picanto: Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  115. Kia Picanto Probleme: Mängel, Schwachstellen und Rückrufe (Picanto II, Typ TA)CarWiki.de · Motoring press · consulted 30 October 2026 · in German
  116. Tweedehands Lynk & Co 01: problemen, betrouwbaarheid en prijsAutoreview.nl · Motoring press · consulted 30 October 2026 · in Dutch
  117. Peugeot 3008 RecallsAutoinsider · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026
  118. Renault Twingo: Probleme (Abschnitt Twingo I)carwiki.de · Motoring press · consulted 30 October 2026 · in German
  119. VW Golf Plus: Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 30 October 2026 · in German
  120. Fiabilité Volkswagen Golf Plus (2005-2013): tous les problèmesFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 30 October 2026 · in French