1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs E-Tech Híbrido: which engine is more reliable?
According to our risk index, the 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI carries less risk than the E-Tech Híbrido: 23/100 (low risk) versus 32/100 (moderate risk). The 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI has no documented serious faults; the E-Tech Híbrido has 2 documented serious faults, the main one being «Multi-mode gearbox failure (risk of breakage)».
The index (0–100) weights the severity and frequency of the three most serious documented faults. How it is calculated
Is the 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI reliable?
The three-cylinder 1.0 TSI has a reputation for being robust and has no systematic serious faults. The 2017–2019 1.5 TSI evo suffered cold-start jerking at low speed, which Volkswagen corrected with software between 2019 and 2020; later units and the 2022 evo2 are more mature. Watch for coolant leaks and check the 2019 and 2020 recalls.[1][2][3][4][5]
See the 5 of the 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI faultsIs the E-Tech Híbrido reliable?
The E-Tech combines a combustion engine (1.6 H4M naturally aspirated or 1.2 HR12 turbo) with electric motors and a multi-mode gearbox with no clutch or torque converter. Its best-documented weak point is the gearbox itself: reports from the Clio, Captur, Arkana, Austral, Duster and Jogger describe warnings of a risk of breakage, and Renault has launched two campaigns since 2020 (an electrical fault and a primary shaft seal). The 12 V battery also fails fairly often.[6][7][8]
See the 4 of the E-Tech Híbrido faultsSide-by-side comparison
| Item | 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI | E-Tech Híbrido |
|---|---|---|
| Technical data | ||
| Type | Engine | Engine |
| Fuel | Petrol | Petrol |
| Displacement | — | 1,598 cm³ |
| Timing | Timing belt (dry) | Chain |
| Power | 82–150 hp | 140–200 hp |
| Production | since 2014[9][10][11][12][13] | since 2020[6][14][15] |
| Reliability | ||
| Risk index (what is it?) | 23Low risk | 32Moderate risk |
| Documented faults | 5 | 4 |
| Of high or critical severity | 0 | 2 |
| Worst severity | Medium severity | High severity |
| Main faults |
|
|
| Most expensive documented repair | No reliable data | No reliable data |
| Which versions to buy | ||
| BuyRecommended versions | None | |
| With cautionVersions to be cautious about | ||
| AvoidVersions to avoid | None | None |
Severity of each fault: green, low; amber, medium; red, high; dark red, critical. How we rate them
Cars that each one is fitted to
Other comparisons
With the 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 PureTech
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 PureTech
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 and 1.4 TSI
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 TCe
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 EcoBoost
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.3 TCe
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.6 EcoBoost
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 TSI / TFSI
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Audi 3.0 TFSI V6
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.4, 2.8 and 3.0 V6 30v
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW B38 / B37
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW B48 / B38
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW B58
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M43 1.6, 1.8 and 1.9
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M50 and M52
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW M54
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M60 and M62
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW N13
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW N20
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs N42 and N45 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW N43/N46
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW N52 / N53
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW N54/N55
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs BMW N62 / N63
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 Fire
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4 T-Jet
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 T3 and 1.3 T4 FireFly Turbo
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 0.9 TwinAir and 1.0/1.3 FireFly
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.5 EcoBoost
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.25/1.4/1.6 Ti-VCT
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 EcoBoost
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.3 EcoBoost
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0-1.6 8v Endura-E, Duratec 8v and RoCam
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.8 and 2.0 Zetec-E
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 and 1.2 de 3 cilindros (Onix and Tracker)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4 / 1.6 16v E-TEC II
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 0.8 / 1.0 / 1.2 S-TEC
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 8V (Family 1)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Family II 2.0 and 2.4 gasolina
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 / 1.4 / 1.8 i-VTEC
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 / 1.5 VTEC Turbo
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 / 2.4 i-VTEC
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Honda e:HEV / i-MMD
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Honda IMA híbrido
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 T-GDI
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.6 GDI / T-GDI
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.6 GDi híbrido (Kappa)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.3, 1.4 and 1.6 Alpha
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.8 / 2.0 Beta II
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs V6 Delta 2.5 and 2.7 (Hyundai-Kia)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 and 1.1 Epsilon
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4 / 1.6 MPI Gamma
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 / 1.25 MPi
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.8 / 2.0 Nu
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Smartstream 1.6 T-GDi
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 / 2.4 GDI and T-GDI (Theta II)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 and 3.0 Ingenium gasolina
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.3 MZR DISI Turbo
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs MZR gasolina
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Skyactiv-G
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M111
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M112 / M113
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M264/M254
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M266 (1.5, 1.7, 2.0 and 2.0 Turbo)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M260
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M271
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M272/M273
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M270/M274
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs M276
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.5 VTi-TECH / T-GDI
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs MIVEC gasolina
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Mitsubishi PHEV
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.6 DIG-T
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.5 VC-Turbo e-Power
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 HR12DE and 1.2 DIG-S (HR12DDR)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 MR20DE / 2.5 QR25DE
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.5/1.6/1.8 QG
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.6 16v HR16DE / H4M
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0/1.2/1.4 Ecotec
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4 Turbo
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.6 and 1.8 Ecotec 16v
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.2 Ecotec gasolina
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4/1.6/1.8 Ecotec 16V (primera generación)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Porsche MA1 / 9A1
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Porsche M96/M97
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Porsche V8 and V6 (Cayenne and Panamera)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4 and 1.6 TU3/TU5
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4/1.6 VTi
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.6 THP
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 16v EW7/EW10/EW12
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.8 and 2.0 XU
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 0.9 TCe
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 SCe (B4D)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 TCe / SCe
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4 and 1.6 8v
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.8 TCe
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 16v
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 8v
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 16v F4R and F4RT
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4 and 1.6 16v
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Rover K-Series
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 and 1.4 Boosterjet
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 Dualjet and 1.2 VVT
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.5 K15B (Jimny)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6 gasolina (serie M)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 VVT-i
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 Turbo
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.33 Dual VVT-i
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 VVT-i
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.5 Hybrid
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.6 Dual VVT-i
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.8 Hybrid
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.7 and 4.0 gasolina (2TR-FE and 1GR-FE)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 and 2.4 VVT-i
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 and 2.5 Hybrid
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Volvo 5 cilindros gasolina
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs Drive-E gasolina
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0 MPI
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.2 12V
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.4 16v and 1.6 FSI
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.8 T 20v
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.0 FSI
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs VW 2.0 TFSI EA113
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 2.3 VR5 (V5)
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.0, 1.4 and 1.6 8v EA111
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs 1.6 and 2.0 8v EA827
- 1.0 TSI / 1.5 TSI vs VR6
With the E-Tech Híbrido
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 PureTech
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 PureTech
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 and 1.4 TSI
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 TCe
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 EcoBoost
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.3 TCe
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.6 EcoBoost
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 TSI / TFSI
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Audi 3.0 TFSI V6
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.4, 2.8 and 3.0 V6 30v
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW B38 / B37
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW B48 / B38
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW B58
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M43 1.6, 1.8 and 1.9
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M50 and M52
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW M54
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M60 and M62
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW N13
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW N20
- E-Tech Híbrido vs N42 and N45 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW N43/N46
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW N52 / N53
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW N54/N55
- E-Tech Híbrido vs BMW N62 / N63
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 Fire
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4 T-Jet
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 T3 and 1.3 T4 FireFly Turbo
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 0.9 TwinAir and 1.0/1.3 FireFly
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.5 EcoBoost
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.25/1.4/1.6 Ti-VCT
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 EcoBoost
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.3 EcoBoost
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0-1.6 8v Endura-E, Duratec 8v and RoCam
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.8 and 2.0 Zetec-E
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 and 1.2 de 3 cilindros (Onix and Tracker)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4 / 1.6 16v E-TEC II
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 0.8 / 1.0 / 1.2 S-TEC
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 8V (Family 1)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Family II 2.0 and 2.4 gasolina
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 / 1.4 / 1.8 i-VTEC
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 / 1.5 VTEC Turbo
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 / 2.4 i-VTEC
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Honda e:HEV / i-MMD
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Honda IMA híbrido
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 T-GDI
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.6 GDI / T-GDI
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.6 GDi híbrido (Kappa)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.3, 1.4 and 1.6 Alpha
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.8 / 2.0 Beta II
- E-Tech Híbrido vs V6 Delta 2.5 and 2.7 (Hyundai-Kia)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 and 1.1 Epsilon
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4 / 1.6 MPI Gamma
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 / 1.25 MPi
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.8 / 2.0 Nu
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Smartstream 1.6 T-GDi
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 / 2.4 GDI and T-GDI (Theta II)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 and 3.0 Ingenium gasolina
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.3 MZR DISI Turbo
- E-Tech Híbrido vs MZR gasolina
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Skyactiv-G
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M111
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M112 / M113
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M264/M254
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M266 (1.5, 1.7, 2.0 and 2.0 Turbo)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M260
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M271
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M272/M273
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M270/M274
- E-Tech Híbrido vs M276
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.5 VTi-TECH / T-GDI
- E-Tech Híbrido vs MIVEC gasolina
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Mitsubishi PHEV
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.6 DIG-T
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.5 VC-Turbo e-Power
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 HR12DE and 1.2 DIG-S (HR12DDR)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 MR20DE / 2.5 QR25DE
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.5/1.6/1.8 QG
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.6 16v HR16DE / H4M
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0/1.2/1.4 Ecotec
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4 Turbo
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.6 and 1.8 Ecotec 16v
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.2 Ecotec gasolina
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4/1.6/1.8 Ecotec 16V (primera generación)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Porsche MA1 / 9A1
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Porsche M96/M97
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Porsche V8 and V6 (Cayenne and Panamera)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4 and 1.6 TU3/TU5
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4/1.6 VTi
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.6 THP
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 16v EW7/EW10/EW12
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.8 and 2.0 XU
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 0.9 TCe
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 SCe (B4D)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 TCe / SCe
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4 and 1.6 8v
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.8 TCe
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 16v
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 8v
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 16v F4R and F4RT
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4 and 1.6 16v
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Rover K-Series
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 and 1.4 Boosterjet
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 Dualjet and 1.2 VVT
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.5 K15B (Jimny)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6 gasolina (serie M)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 VVT-i
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 Turbo
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.33 Dual VVT-i
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 VVT-i
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.5 Hybrid
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.6 Dual VVT-i
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.8 Hybrid
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.7 and 4.0 gasolina (2TR-FE and 1GR-FE)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 and 2.4 VVT-i
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 and 2.5 Hybrid
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Volvo 5 cilindros gasolina
- E-Tech Híbrido vs Drive-E gasolina
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0 MPI
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.2 12V
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.4 16v and 1.6 FSI
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.8 T 20v
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.0 FSI
- E-Tech Híbrido vs VW 2.0 TFSI EA113
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 2.3 VR5 (V5)
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.0, 1.4 and 1.6 8v EA111
- E-Tech Híbrido vs 1.6 and 2.0 8v EA827
- E-Tech Híbrido vs VR6
Compare other engines
Sources
Every fact on this page links to its source. If you find an error, let us know.
- Zuverlässigkeit der TSI-Motoren von 1.0 bis 2.0: welche Jahrgänge und Generationen Probleme machenAutohled · Motoring press · published 15 June 2026 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
- VW EA211: Typische Probleme und HaltbarkeitGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · published 26 August 2026 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
- ¿Tu motor 1.5 TSI de Volkswagen sufre de tirones en frío? Llegan novedadesMotor.es · Motoring press · published 5 September 2019 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
- VW, Seat und Skoda: Rückruf wegen Motorsoftware-Updatekfz-betrieb (Vogel Communications) · Motoring press · published 30 September 2019 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
- Rückruf bei VW, Seat und Skoda: Neue Einspritzanlage für TSI-Motorkfz-betrieb (Vogel Communications) · Motoring press · published 29 July 2020 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
- Renault Clio VWikipedia (francés) · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
- Fiabilité et pannes de la Renault Clio 5Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
- Fiabilité et pannes du Renault AustralFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
- VW EA211Wikipedia (alemán) · Other source · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
- VW EA211 evoWikipedia (alemán) · Other source · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
- The compact all-rounder: TSI evo engine with a capacity of 1.0 and 1.5 litresVolkswagen Newsroom · Manufacturer · published 8 December 2020 · consulted 26 September 2026
- Golf eTSI, Golf eHybrid and Golf GTE – International Media Drive (dossier de prensa)Volkswagen AG · Manufacturer · published August 2020 · consulted 26 September 2026
- Prueba de consumo (251): VW Golf Evo 1.5-TSI ACT 150 CV DSG Sport R-Line 5pkm77 · Motoring press · published 22 January 2018 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
- Renault Captur IIWikipedia (francés) · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
- Renault AustralWikipedia (inglés) · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026
- Efecto canguro, el problema de los tirones en frío de los motores 1.5 TSI del Grupo VolkswagenSeis en Línea · Motoring press · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
- Volkswagen EA211 engineWikipedia (inglés) · Other source · consulted 26 September 2026
- Fiabilité et pannes du Renault ArkanaFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
- Fiabilité et pannes du Renault Captur IIFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
- Fiabilité et pannes du Renault Espace 6Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French